HighlightsApocrine Sweet Gland Adenocarcinoma is a very uncommon cancer that can cause structural deformities by metabolic disorder (paraneoplastic syndrome).That’s the first case related on Brazil.This case contributes to the best choice of the exams required for detection of this rare cancer (there is no consensus in the literature by the limited number of cases).
Objectives: to investigate whether virtual reality (VR) experience is associated with decreased pain sensation among patients who undergo rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia. Methods: we performed a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 159 patients who were aleatorily enrolled into two groups: VR and control. VR experience intervention consisted of using a headset with a smartphone adapted to a virtual reality glasses where an app-video was played during the procedure. Main outcomes analyzed were pain, discomfort, heart rate variability, difficulty and duration of the cystoscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using a Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney test and Chi-square test. A P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: among 159 patients studied (VR group=80 patients; control group=79 patients), the mean age was 63,6 years and 107 (67,3%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. VR was significantly associated to decreased heart rate variability (6,29 vs 11,09 bpm, P<0,001) and lower duration of the procedure (5,33 vs 8,65 min, P<0,001). Also, when cystoscopies due to double-J extraction were excluded, VR experience was associated with reduced pain on the visual analog score of pain (3,26 vs 4,33 cm, P=0,023). Conclusions: the use of VR as a distraction therapy while performing outpatient cystoscopies is safe, has no side effects, is associated with less pain and discomfort, and reduces length of procedure.
Resumo: Introdução: As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os Cursos de Medicina estimulam uma formação generalista do médico, alterando o paradigma fragmentado de formação vigente até o século passado. A residência médica é considerada complementar à graduação, porém sem vagas nas quantidades desejadas, gerando competição entre estudantes. Simultaneamente, as ligas acadêmicas ganharam espaço dentro das escolas médicas. Desenvolvimento: Trata-se de um ensaio com análise crítica sobre a relação entre as sociedades de especialidades e as ligas acadêmicas, e sobre os efeitos dessa relação na formação dos futuros médicos. As sociedades de especialidade possuem ações de estímulo à criação de ligas acadêmicas, bem como reservam espaços dedicados a elas. Desse modo, elas aproximam-se dos estudantes por meio das ligas e novamente se inserem na graduação na forma de currículo paralelo, em que haviam sido relegadas a segundo plano com o programa generalista de formação. Conclusão: Há um movimento de aproximação entre ligas e sociedades de especialidades que deve ser acompanhado com atenção, reflexão e crítica para que não se tolha dos estudantes a liberdade de explorar diversas realidades da prática médica e conhecer diversas especialidades, mas também não se subverta a proposta pedagógica de formação médica geral.
Introduction: Academic leagues are Brazilian student-led initiatives aimed at doing multiple extracurricular activities in a medical school. The leagues exist in almost all the universities of the country. Purpose: To characterize the activity profile of the academic leagues of a medical school. Method: Quali-quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study that collected data on academic leagues such as: year of foundation, number of members, number of teachers, types of selection and admission and activities performed. Results: Of the 52 active leagues, 27 provided data. The average number of students was 21.6 ± 10.4, ranging from 07 to a maximum of 48. Most respondents (77.8%) had only one teacher. The performed activities were mainly theoretical classes, discussion of clinical cases, practical activities, production of scientific articles, publications in social networks, solidarity activities and organization of their own events. Conclusions: Academic leagues are student-led initiatives with great potential to expand medical school actions using the existing structure. With their activities mapped and guided by management, academic leagues can be great catalysts for complementary activities and can contribute greatly to the training of new doctors.
BACKGROUND: The academic leagues are collectives of students, under teacher supervision, formatted as a regular longitudinal program of university extension. They are very common on Brazilian medical schools and are gaining even more ground among the extracurricular activities. PURPOSE: To evaluate the activities of medical students who participate in academic leagues and their influence on professional training. METHOD: Exploratory, quantitative, and descriptive cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire for students in the last two years of graduation at a medical school in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, in January and February 2022. RESULTS: Sample of 71 students (36.4% of the total population). On average, each student participated in 3.56 (± 1.55) leagues. Students who were already in their sixth year, who had published a paper, or who had average grades above 8.6 reported participation in a significantly higher average number of leagues. The more leagues the student participated and the more satisfied he was with them, the more he recommended participation to other students. In addition to the leagues, the average participation in different complementary activities by students was 3.00 (± 1.01) activities, especially internships, tutoring, volunteering, and scientific initiation. The average number of papers published was 1.12 (±1.35), with 31 students (43.66%) without any publications. The correlation between the number of leagues per student and papers published was positive, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: Students usually enter academic leagues early, participating in many of them, in addition to participating in other complementary activities. Participation in leagues is associated with complementary activities and the publication of scientific papers. Satisfied academics refer league participation to their peers, creating a cycle of increased participation among students. Academic leagues are complementary activities that have a positive impact on the training of medical students.
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