Contribución de los autores:Diana Marina Camargo: elaboración de la propuesta de investigación, coordinación del desarrollo del trabajo, análisis de los datos y redacción del manuscrito final Stefany Santisteban, Erika Paredes, Mary Ann Flórez y Diego Bueno: participación en los ajustes de la metodología del trabajo, diseño del cuestionario, ejecución de la prueba piloto y contribución en la elaboración del manuscrito final Introducción. Las recomendaciones internacionales sobre actividad física y tiempo dedicado a comportamientos sedentarios en niños a partir de la edad preescolar, plantean la necesidad de disponer de instrumentos de medición con propiedades psicométricas que permitan evaluar la dinámica a nivel de la población y las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar su salud. Objetivo. Evaluar la confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños desde preescolar hasta cuarto grado de primaria. Materiales y métodos. Ciento ocho padres respondieron el cuestionario, el cual incluía preguntas sobre las variables sociodemográficas y las relacionadas con la actividad física, incluido el tiempo de caminata hasta el colegio, los deportes organizados y las actividades de juego; entre los comportamientos sedentarios se incluyeron el transporte motorizado a la escuela, el tiempo de lectura, el transcurrido frente a pantallas y el sueño. Mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland y Altman, se evaluaron la consistencia interna, la reproducibilidad y los límites de acuerdo, respectivamente.Resultados. La consistencia interna osciló entre 0,59 y 0,64 para la actividad física y entre 0,22 y 0,34 para los comportamientos sedentarios. Los mejores niveles de reproducibilidad se registraron para la caminata (kappa=0,79), el tiempo de viaje a la escuela (CCI=0,69), el deporte organizado (kappa=0,72), el tiempo dedicado a este (CCI=0,76), el transporte motorizado al colegio y el tiempo empleado para ello (kappa=0,82; CCI=0,8), así como para el uso del computador y el tiempo dedicado a esta actividad (kappa=0,71; CCI=0,59). Se registraron niveles de acuerdo de moderados a buenos para el tiempo de lectura, la siesta, los cursos extracurriculares, y el uso de computador y de consolas. Conclusión. El cuestionario suministró información confiable para la medición de la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios en niños menores de 10 años y podría emplearse en otros países latinoamericanos.Palabras clave: actividad motora, estilo de vida sedentario, cuestionarios, reproducibilidad de resultados, preescolar.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v35i3.2502Reliability of a questionnaire for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior in children from preschool to fourth grade Introduction: International recommendations for physical activity and time spent in sedentary behaviors for children in their early years require the availability of measuring instruments with psychometric properties that allow for t...
Background. Disparities in sleep disturbances have been described in adults; nevertheless, among adolescents, data have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, analyses of our cohort study of 500 urban, normally developed Hispanic adolescents (10–18 years), aim to determine if rates of sleep debt differ between: (a) male and female adolescents, (b) US-born Hispanics and first-generation immigrant ethnic counterparts, and (c) specific activities that these teens trade for sleep. Participants’ weekday and weekend sleep patterns, along with the reasons for sleeping less than the recommended hours were recorded. Standardized surveys were used to gather information regarding sociodemographics, migration, acculturation, and medical history. Using the criteria set forth by the National Sleep Foundation, analyses indicated that sleep deprivation is a pervasive problem, with 75% in the preadolescents and 45% of the late adolescents exhibiting sleep problems. Females slept on average at least one hour less per day than their male counterparts (7 vs. 8 hours). The sleep problems were rooted in several overlapping causes, including use of technology, video games, studying, and employment. Nevertheless, reasons for sleep loss differed by gender and by immigrant status. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that females, US-born teens, and preadolescents had higher odds of being sleep deprived. Pediatricians and sleep experts should be aware of gender-specific causes and responses of sleep problems. Cultural ecological frameworks need to be considered, and clearly indicate that findings may not generalize to youth from other cultural backgrounds.
Adolescent alcohol use demonstrates distinct developmental trajectories with dissimilar times of onset and trajectories. Given the importance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mature BDNF) in this development stage, the current study investigated its relationship with alcohol use. It also extends the literature by assessing the role of its precursor (pro-BDNF). Therefore, over the span of 5 years, we enrolled and followed participants to define age-related changes in BDNF levels in healthy adolescents. Then, the onset and frequency of alcohol use from ages 11 to 18 were collected to determine how the relationship between alcohol, pro-BDNF, and m-BDNF unfolds over time. With respect to development, analyses demonstrated that BDNF concentration slowly increases throughout adolescence. However, despite having similar basal BDNF levels, compared to controls, adolescents that started drinking before 15 years of age always exhibited lower BDNF levels. They also had a significant decrease in pro-BDNF levels. On the other hand, levels of mature BDNF steadily increased (974.896±275 pg/ml) in those starting alcohol use after the age of 15. Similar to the younger users, a significant drop in pro-BDNF levels was observed over the course of the study. Our results suggested that both pathways may participate in the complex processes of alcohol dependence. The findings highlight the relevance of assessing alcohol-associated changes across the different phases of this vulnerable developmental period. This is the first study evidencing that m-BDNF changes associated with drinking behaviors differed between young and older adolescents. It is also the first article, documenting that drinking during adolescence leads to long-term decreases in pro-BDNF. These results have important implications for policies and programs targeting alcohol use disorders.
BackgroundHeavy alcohol use is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and is associated with reduced antiretroviral therapy adherence, reduced HIV viral suppression, and reduced survival. We recently found that compared to HIV treatment as usual, three sessions of in-person motivational interviewing (MI) substantially reduced drinking in MSM with HIV. In an effort to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of this intervention, the present study will test whether MI is more effective than brief intervention when delivered by videoconferencing, whether interactive text messaging (ITM) can enhance the effects of alcohol intervention, and whether extended duration of intervention is more effective than brief duration.MethodsUsing a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we will randomly assign 224 heavy-drinking MSM with HIV to: MI or brief intervention (BI); ITM or no ITM; Standard or Extended intervention (EI). All participants will receive intervention immediately after baseline assessment via videoconferencing and at 1-month post baseline via telephone. Participants randomized to EI will receive additional intervention sessions at 3, 6, and 9 months. Participants randomized to ITM will receive daily interactive texts about alcohol use for 1 month, with those randomized to EI receiving weekly interactive texts through 9 months. Alcohol and HIV-related outcomes will be assessed at 6 and 12 months post baseline.ConclusionBy testing the combinations of interventions that can most effectively reduce alcohol use among MSM with HIV, this study will set the stage for wider-scale implementation of an optimized intervention combination.
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