Despite the marked achievements of the Unified Health System (SUS), implementation of its principles and guidelines has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, this article reflects on comprehensiveness and technology reorganization based on soft technologies and expanded clinical care, not only as guidelines, but as core elements for a new way of thinking about health. It involves a literature review that not only seeks an overview of ideas about the subject, but also attempts to establish a dialogue between the authors in reference to reflect on daily services, especially in hospital. We found that most of the obstacles to improvement of the services of the SUS are related to the predominance of curative medical care in the thinking process of health professionals. Breaking with that logic, comprehensive care, technological reorganization and expanded clinical care can foster closer approximation between professionals and users, at the same time as actions come to be dictated by the individuals and the community, breaking with the vertical imposition of conduct. Thus, the traditional 'biologicist' approach to clinical care needs to be deconstructed to break with the logic of manifest suffering and "treat 'em and street 'em" philosophy.

A Atenção Primária em Saúde é considerada o principal modelo de organização da atenção à saúde e a via de acesso mais adequada a população. Este nível de atenção tem a capacidade de responder de forma contínua, sistematizada e equânime, à maior demanda de saúde no âmbito individual e coletivo. O Brasil assume compromisso com uma proposta de vigilância em saúde voltada para a infecção humana pelo SARS-CoV-2 (infecção respiratória pelo novo coronavírus), apoiada pela consolidação de informações da OMS e novas evidências técnicas e científicas. Com a rápida disseminação do vírus os serviços da APS tornam-se essenciais para o enfrentamento do agravo. Mas o impacto da mudança no financiamento da Atenção Primária em Saúde, pode gerar sobrecarga à rede de atenção à saúde, que vive em um panorama marcado por instabilidade e precarização das relações de trabalho.

This study aimed to analyse the survival of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals due to the COVID-19 and estimate prognostic factors. This is a retrospective, multicentre cohort study, based on data from 46 285 hospitalisations for COVID-19 in Brazil. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier's method. The log-rank test compared the survival functions for each variable and from that, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated, and the proportional hazard model was used in Cox multiple regression. The smallest survival curves were the ones for patients at the age of 68 years or more, black/mixed race, illiterate, living in the countryside, dyspnoea, respiratory distress, influenza-like outbreak, O2 saturation <95%, X-ray change, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive ventilatory support, previous heart disease, pneumopathy, diabetes, Down's syndrome, neurological disease and kidney disease. Better survival was observed in the influenza-like outbreak and in an asthmatic patient. The multiple model for increased risk of death when they were admitted to the ICU HR 1.28, diabetes HR 1.17, neurological disease HR 1.34, kidney disease HR 1.11, heart disease HR 1.14, black or mixed race of HR 1.50, asthma HR 0.71 and pneumopathy HR 1.12. This reinforces the importance of socio-demographic and clinical factors as a prognosis for death.

No âmbito da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, a assistência às crises psíquicas representa um desafio para as políticas de saúde, em especial para os serviços de urgências. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o atendimento prestado às crises psiquiátricas pelos profissionais de saúde do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (Samu). A pesquisa é resultante de uma dissertação de mestrado em Enfermagem, realizada em Natal, e que utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação direta como instrumentos de coleta de informações. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à técnica da análise temática, aplicada em estudos qualitativos. Com esse referencial, surgiram quatro categorias de análise: a polícia militar e as ocorrências psiquiátricas; características do atendimento prestado pelo Samu em urgências psiquiátricas; necessidade de capacitação profissional; responsabilidade do Samu com as urgências psiquiátricas. A discussão aponta que elementos associados à prática manicomial, como o uso da força coercitiva, exercida sobretudo pelo auxílio de policiais militares, ainda sustentam o ideário e a assistência prestada pelos profissionais entrevistados. Todavia, a assistência prestada nesses casos precisa manter os laços sociais, ambientais e afetivos dos sujeitos, evitando medidas violentas, de cunho repressor ou excludente. Portanto, a pesquisa suscitou reflexão sobre questões relevantes para o processo de concretização da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira no espaço do atendimento pré-hospitalar de urgência.

RESUMO. Este estudo propõe-se a discutir os princípios e diretrizes que norteiam a atenção de urgência prestada pelo SAMU diante de uma crise ou urgência/emergência psiquiátrica, tendo como parâmetro as discussões que embasaram a reforma psiquiátrica. Trata-se de um estudo aplicado, de abordagem qualitativa na configuração de uma revisão de literatura que estabeleceu um diálogo entre os autores para atingir o objetivo proposto. As diretrizes que norteiam a assistência prestada pelo SAMU contribuem para uma intervenção em crise pautada no paradigma da clínica tradicional, em que as prioridades são a contenção e o transporte ao hospital psiquiátrico. Destarte, a articulação com a rede de saúde mental, a efetivação do apoio matricial, investimento em capacitação profissional e a operacionalização real do Programa Permanente de Formação de Recursos Humanos para a Reforma Psiquiátrica são medidas que podem contribuir para a consolidação de uma intervenção em crise pelo SAMU mais humanizada e articulada com a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira.Palavras-chave: Serviços de saúde; assistência à saúde; saúde mental.ABSTRACT. The goal of this study is to discuss the principles and the guidelines that surround the urgency attention provided by SAMU (Mobile Emergency Service) during a crisis or a psichiatric emergency having as parameter the discussions that support Psychiatric Reform. It's an applied study with a qualitative approach at the configuration of a literature review that established a dialogue between the Authors to achieve the proposed goal. The guidelines that surround the urgency attention provided by SAMU contribute to an intervention in a crisis based on traditional clinical paradigm where the priorities are the containment and the transport to the psychiatric hospital. Therefore the negotiation with the Mental Health Network, effective matrix support, investiment in professional training and the real operation of Permanent Program Training of Human Resources to the Psychiatric Reform are things that can help the consolidation of a crisis intervention by a SAMU more humanized and combined with the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. RESUMEN.Este estudio propone la discusión de los principios y directrices que orientan la atención de urgencia prestada por el SAMU durante una crisis o urgencia/emergencia psiquiátrica, teniendo como parámetro las discusiones que apoyaran la Reforma Psiquiátrica. Se trata de un estudio aplicado, de enfoque cualitativo en la configuración de una revisión de la literatura siendo establecido un diálogo entre los autores para lograr el objetivo propuesto. Las directrices que guían la atención prestada por el SAMU contribuyen a una intervención en crisis regida por el paradigma de la clínica tradicional, donde las prioridades son la contención y transporte a un hospital psiquiátrico. Por lo tanto, la relación con la red de salud mental, la ejecución de la matriz de soporte, la inversión en capacitación laboral y el funcionamiento real del Programa Permanente de Formación de Recursos Humanos pa...

Objective: Conduct a survival analysis of elderly patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU), identifying the predictors of mortality among this age group. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed with data from the medical records of 457 elderly patients hospitalized in an ICU located in the city of Natal in Brazil. Survival functions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and the Log-rank test was used for comparisons. In addition, a multiple Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to identify the independent effects of the predictors of survival. Results: It was found that the survival of elderly ICU patients declined due to factors such as increased hospitalization time, advancing years, unmarried (including common-lawmarriage) status, the presence of shock, pneumonia, septicaemia, fractures, a reduced state of consciousness, hospitalization for clinical reasons, being bedridden prior to hospitalization, fever, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest and the need for mechanical ventilation. The multiple Cox proportional hazards model revealed that variables such as shock, longevity, bradycardia, fractures, fever, hospitalization in the public healthcare system and admission for clinical reasons remained significant as predictors of reduced survival in intensive care units. Conclusions: The survival rates of elderly persons in an ICU in the city of Natal in Brazil were affected by demographic and clinical predictors, and those related to the type of hospitalization and the health care network. This shows that any initiative aimed at increasing the survival of elderly ICU patients must look at individual and social issues and factors related to the health care network.

The epidemic caused by COVID-19 in Brazil is associated with an unfavorable political scenario, aggravated by intense social inequality and low number of available hospital beds. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the survival of patients admitted to Brazilian hospitals due to the COVID-19 and estimate prognostic factors. This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study, based on data from 46285 hospitalizations for COVID-19 in Brazil. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Log-rank test compared the survival functions for each variable and from that, hazard ratios were calculated and the proportional hazards model was used in Cox multiple regression. The smallest survival curves were the ones for patients at the age of 68 years or more, black / brown race, illiterate, living in the countryside, dyspnea, respiratory distress, influenza-like outbreak, O2 saturation <95%, X-ray change, length of stay in the ICU, invasive ventilatory support, previous heart disease, pneumopathy, diabetes, down's syndrome, neurological disease and kidney disease. Better survival was observed in the symptoms and in an asthmatic patient. The multiple model for increased risk of death when they were admitted to the ICU HR 1.28 (95% CI 1.21;1.35), diabetes HR 1.17 (95% CI 1.11;1.24), neurological disease HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.22;1.46), kidney disease HR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02;1.21), heart disease HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.08;1.20), black or brown race of HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.43;1.58), asthma HR 0.71 (95% CI 0.61;0.81) and pneumopathy HR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02;1.23). The overall survival time was low in hospitalizations for COVID-19 and this reinforces the importance of sociodemographic and clinical factors as a prognosis for death. The lack of a protocol for scientific clinical management puts a greater risk of death for about 80 million Brazilians, who are chronically ill or living in poverty. COVID-19 can promote selective mortality that borders the eugenics of specific social segments in Brazil.

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