No abstract

RESUMO. O estudo analisou o desenvolvimento embrionário do curimatã Prochilodus brevis, espécie endêmica do nordeste brasileiro, pertencente à família Prochilodontidae (Characiformes). Os embriões foram obtidos da Estação de Piscicultura Estevão de Oliveira (DNOCS -Caicó, RN, Brasil). Após inseminação artificial dos reprodutores, foram realizadas coletas dos embriões, em intervalos de uma hora até a eclosão dos alevinos. As amostras foram fixadas em formol a 10%, a partir do qual os embriões foram analisados quanto aos padrões morfológicos externos, bem como em líquido Bouin por 12 horas, para análises histológicas. Os ovos de P. brevis são esféricos, transparentes e não adesivos. O período embrionário da espécie foi definido pelas fases de zigoto, clivagem, mórula, blástula, gástrula, organogênese, eclosão e larva, descritos por quatorze horas à temperatura de 28ºC. Os padrões morfo-embrionários identificados se mostram similares aos de outras espécies de peixes teleósteos, no entanto, com variações relacionadas à cronologia de cada fase. A caracterização do desenvolvimento embrionário de P. brevis, proveu informações úteis no estabelecimento e adequação das condições de cultivo. Palavras-chave:Embriogênese, reprodução, aquicultura, biologia do desenvolvimento, curimatã.ABSTRACT. The study analyzed the stages of the embryonic development of the curimatã Prochilodus brevis, endemic fish of the northeast Brazilian, belonging the family Prochilodontidae (Characiformes). The embryos were obtained of the Estação de Piscicultura Estevão de Oliveira (DNOCS -Caicó, RN, Brazil). The collections were accomplished after the beginning of the spawning and fertilization of the oocytes, in intervals of one hour to the appearance of the larvae. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for morphological analysis and in Bouin's solution during a period of twelve hours, after they were processed through routine histological techniques. The eggs of P. brevis are spherical, transparent and non-adhesive. The main events reported during embryogenesis were: zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis, hatching and larvae. These events are common to several species of teleost fish, the variation found are related to the chronology of each phase and the specific characteristics of oocytes and eggs. The characterization of the embryonic development of fish such as P. brevis, it is essential to suit the growing conditions to the biological needs of these animals. The data from this study agree with studies of species endemic to the northeastern region and expand the possibilities for their cultivation.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects a large portion of the population, with dysregulation of the serotonergic system, which is deeply involved in both the pathophysiology of MDD and mechanism of action of many antidepressants. Current pharmacological therapies do not meet the neurobiological needs of all depressed individuals, making the development of new antidepressants necessary. In recent decades, compounds containing triazoles have become promising due to their range of biological activities, including antidepressant activity. In this study, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of a hybrid containing triazole and acetophenone, 1-(2-(4-(4ethylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (ETAP) (0.5−5 mg/kg), in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice, as well as the involvement of the serotonergic system in this effect. Our findings demonstrated that ETAP exhibited an antidepressant-like effect from the dose of 1 mg/kg and that this effect is modulated by 5-HT 2A/2C and 5-HT 4 receptors. We also demonstrated that this effect may be related to inhibition of monoamine oxidase A activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, we evaluated the in silico pharmacokinetic profile of ETAP, which predicted its penetration into the central nervous system. ETAP exhibited a low potential for toxicity at a high dose, making this molecule interesting for the development of a new therapeutic strategy for MDD.

RESUMO. Siluriformes constitui um dos mais diversificados grupos da ictiofauna neotropical. Cerca de 1.750 espécies ocorrem exclusivamente nas Américas. Diante do elevado número de espécies, ampla distribuição geográfica e similaridades morfológicas, ainda persistem muitas questões acerca das relações entre algumas famílias e espécies. Uma das duas famílias desta Ordem que podem habitar o ambiente marinho, Ariidae apresenta inúmeras incertezas taxonômicas. Análises citogenéticas em espécies Atlânticas ainda são incipientes. Visando avaliar a diversidade cariotípica e inferir acerca da história evolutiva deste clado aqui são apresentados dados cromossômicos das espécies Cathorops spixii e Sciades sp., presentes no extenso litoral nordeste brasileiro. Ambas as espécies possuem um mesmo número diploide, 2n=56, mas com diferenças marcantes entre as fórmulas cromossômicas de C. spixii (12m+16sm+24st+4a; NF=108) e Sciades sp. (14m+10sm+22st+10a; NF=102). Ambas as espécies apresentam RONs (regiões organizadoras de nucléolos) múltiplas, na porção terminal de dois pares cromossômicos. Os padrões cariotípicos destas e de outras espécies de Ariidae indicam que inversões pericêntricas representam o principal mecanismo envolvido na diversificação cromossômica da família. Incertezas taxonômicas em alguns taxa e a ocorrência de variações cariotípicas interpopulacionais em espécies de Ariidae, suscitam análises pormenorizadas utilizando o mapeamento de sequências repetitivas com vistas a identificação de possíveis espécies crípticas nesta família ao longo do litoral brasileiro.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older people, and available treatments are palliative and produce undesirable side effects. The 4-phenyltellanyl-7-chloroquinoline (TQ) is an organochalcogen compound studied due to its pharmacological properties, particularly its antioxidant potential. However, TQ possesses some drawbacks such as low aqueous solubility and high toxicity, thus warranting the search for tools that improve the safety and effectiveness of new compounds. Here, we developed and investigated the biological effects of TQ-loaded polymeric nanocapsules (NCTQ) in an AD model in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human Aβ1–42 in their body–wall muscles and Swiss mice injected with Aβ25–35. The NCTQ displayed good physicochemical properties, including nanometer size and maximum encapsulation capacity. The treatment showed low toxicity, reduced Aβ peptide-induced paralysis, and activated an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone in the C. elegans model. The Aβ injection in mice caused memory impairment, which NCTQ mitigated by improving working, long-term, and aversive memory. Additionally, no changes in biochemical markers were evidenced in mice, demonstrating that there was no hepatotoxicity in the tested doses. Altogether, these findings provide insights into the neuroprotective effects of TQ and indicate that NCTQ is a promising candidate for AD treatment.