Citation for published item:q rz ntiD iF nd elEtu ouryD eFsF nd oleikh eiD F nd ermees hD F nd totheriD tF nd ekko D fw nd y idD eFuF nd ellenD wFfF nd end¡ oD F nd vimont D F nd do nD wF nd esentiniD eF nd ittnerD wF nd ezzoliD qF @PHITA 9 he iuphr tesE igrisEu run river system X proven n eD re y ling nd dispers l of qu rtzEpoor forel ndE sin sediments in rid lim teF9D i rthEs ien e reviewsFD ITP F ppF IHUEIPVF Further information on publisher's website:httpsXGGdoiForgGIHFIHITGjFe rs irevFPHITFHWFHHW Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: We present a detailed sediment-provenance study on the modern Euphrates-Tigris-Karun fluvial system and Mesopotamian foreland basin, one of the cradles of humanity. Our rich petrographic and heavy-mineral dataset, integrated by sand geochemistry and U-Pb age spectra of detrital zircons, highlights the several peculiarities of this large source-tosink sediment-routing system and widens the spectrum of compositions generally assumed as paradigmatic for orogenic settings. Comparison of classical static versus upgraded dynamic petrologic models enhance the power of provenance analysis, and allow us to derive a more refined conceptual model of reference and to verify the limitations of the approach. Sand derived from the Anatolia-Zagros orogen contains abundant lithic grains eroded from carbonates, cherts, mudrocks, arc volcanics, obducted ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges representing the exposed shallow structural level of the orogen, with relative scarcity of quartz, Kfeldspar and mica. This quartz-poor petrographic signature, characterizing the undissected composite tectonic domain of the entire Anatolia-Iranian plateau, is markedly distinct from that of sand shed by more elevated and faster-eroding collision orogens such as the Himalaya. Arid climate in the region allows preservation of chemically unstable grains including carbonate rock fragments and locally even gypsum, and reduces transport capacity of fluvial systems, which dump most of their load in Mesopotamian marshlands upstream of the Arabian/Persian Gulf allochemical carbonate factory. Quartz-poor sediment from the AnatoliaZagros orogen mixes with quartz-rich recycled sands from Arabia along the western side of the foreland basin, and is traced all along the Gulf shores as far as the Rub' al-Khali sand sea up to 4000 km from Euphrates headwaters.Reviewer #1: This is an excellent review of an intriguing complex modern sediment source-to-sink system that has not been studied in a comprehensive manner prior to...
This study presents the first pollen record from Lake Hazar, eastern Turkey, together with previously published multi‐proxy records from core Hz11‐P03. The data provide insight into multi‐centennial‐scale climatic changes during the late Pleistocene–Holocene period. The onset of the Younger Dryas was marked by an increase in the number of herbaceous plants (such as those in the families Poaceae and Asteraceae and the genus Centaurea) and lake level lowering with a −73 m erosional terrace on the lake margin. At the beginning of the early Holocene, the expansion of deciduous Quercus was attributed to significant afforestation due to high humidity that was presumably sufficient for the establishment of the oak forest. An increase in deciduous Quercus was maintained until the middle Holocene. An increase in herbaceous plants, and lower lake levels occurred during the late Holocene as a result of cold and dry climatic conditions. Moreover, a deciduous Quercus delay was not detected in Lake Hazar, indicating that the presence of a warm and humid climate created favourable conditions for oaks to expand at the onset of the early Holocene.
Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of samples collected from piston core HZ11-P01 at the western margin of Lake Hazar were studied to determine the provenance and weathering conditions on the source area together with tectonic setting of the source rocks, paleoclimate of the region, and paleo-redox conditions of the lake sediments. Nonclay minerals in the sediment core are represented by feldspar, quartz, dolomite, and calcite. The clay mineral assemblage consists of smectite/chlorite mixed-layer clay, chlorite, and illite. Most major, trace, and rare earth element contents of the lake samples are generally similar to those of the catchment area. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of the lake samples are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements, a relatively flat heavy rare earth element pattern, and no Eu negative anomaly. The chemical index of alteration and index of compositional variability of the core sediment suggested that the intensity of weathering in the source area was low to moderate. The paleoclimatic indicator (C-values) showed that a paleoclimate changing from semiarid to semimoist prevailed during the last ~2 ka BP. Authigenic U and element ratios such as Th/U, Ni/Co, Cu/Zn, V/Cr, Eu/Eu*, and Ce/Ce* indicate that the lake sediments were deposited under oxic conditions. La/Sc, Co/Th, Cr/Th, Zr/Sc, and Th/Sc element ratios in the core sediments are consistent with values of sediments derived from mainly mafic and intermediate source rocks. According to discriminant-function diagrams, lake samples are plotted within the arc setting and arc-continent collision, which is in accordance with the geology of the study area.
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