Hydrothermal and thermal treatment of natural clinoptilolite zeolite from Bigadiç, Turkey: An experimental study

Catalytic and physicochemical properties of modified natural clinoptilolite

“…Crystallinity depends also on the zeolite structure type and the presence/absence of different cations neutralizing the negative charge of the framework. The presence of K + and probably Na + ions in clinoptilolite was even more important for thermal stability than the Si/Al ratio itself [32]. Ion exchange for NH 4 + cations can affect structural stability of clinoptilolite and result in decrease of crystallinity after samples calcination.…”

“…While the XRD crystallinity was not reported, the nitrogen sorption data showed a continuous decrease of the equivalent monolayer areas from about 390 to 250 m 2 /g, after treatment with 2-15 N HCl. Later works documented not so good resistance and more or less advanced amorphization always took place during the acid treatment [31,32].…”

Effects of Operation Parameters on Heavy Metallic Ion Removal from Mine Waste by Natural Zeolite

“…Once again, for all operation parameters investigated in this study, the zeolite exhibits the highest affinity and favoured uptake for that of the Pb 2+ ion [4,14,16,21,22,46] followed by Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ , with a lower affinity to Zn 2+ then Ni 2+ . A significant loss in crystallinity and hence catalytic activity are common with this pre-treatment process [47]. Dehydration temperature as well as micropore volume and transitional porosity development are directly proportional [40].…”

“…Dehydration temperature as well as micropore volume and transitional porosity development are directly proportional [40]. It is important to increase surface area, porosity and sorption capacities of natural zeolites without crystallinity loss [47]. The percent removal of the Pb 2+ ion in [M] is 93.97%, while only 56.70% in [M-600].…”

Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids

“…The natural zeolites are used mainly as dietary supplements, ion exchangers, and in environment remediation, while the synthetic zeolites are used mainly as detergent builders, catalysts, and absorbents or desiccants [6,7]. Recently, zeolites have attracted significant interest due to their ion exchange capacity, crystallinity, thermal stability, and well-defined cage structure, making them good candidates for a wide range of promising applications in the fields of water purification, fuel cells, renewable energy production, and storage [8][9][10].…”