This article presents the development of an algorithm which can be used at standstill and low speed for sensorless control of a five-phase Permanent Manget Synchronous Machines (PMSM) with non-salient poles. The estimation method is based on the machine's torque. Two different strategies are investigated for the proposed method. The first one uses the torque measurement and the second one uses the estimated torque from the measured currents. Results for the implementation of both strategies are presented and analysed, together with possible improvements to explore.
In this paper, we propose a new device in order to produce normal and lateral ultrasonic vibrations in a plate, using an array of piezoelectric ceramics. This setup serves to continue the comparative analysis between the two vibration modes for tactile feedback rendering, by including an energetic characterization. With the help of a tribological analysis, this study will help to examine the energy performance of each vibration mode in terms of active power consumption against friction contrast (which is linked to perception). Using a simplified second order plate model, the energetic results are analyzed. The results show a better energy efficiency for the lateral vibration for low exploration speeds. The tribological analysis helps as well to evaluate the effect of frequency increase in terms of friction reduction vs. vibration amplitude for both vibration modes.
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