A new phosphonate modified silica (PMS) has been investigated for adsorption of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), andZn (II) II)>Co(II)>Ni(II)>Zn(II). Based on the adsorption characteristic, the adsorbent is promising to be applied as a material for solid phase extraction of transition metal ions. Keywords: modified silica; phosphonate; adsorption ABSTRAK Suatu silika termodifikasi fosfonat (STF) baru telah dikaji sebagai adsorben larutan Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), dan Zn(II). STF disintesis dengan mengimobilisasi aminoetil dihidrogen fosfat (AEPH
The two-new catalysts had been prepared by using the impregnation method according to Nugrahaningtyas [6] and Li [4]. One catalyst is of Nickel (Ni), supported on Ultra Stable Zeolite Y (USY), whereas the other one is NiMo supported on same supporting agent. These new catalysts are expected to be more effective when applied on the hydrotreatment reaction in standpoint of its capabilities on removing the unwanted-heteroatom. Characterization those two types of catalysts then carried out by using the criteria of acidity, porosity and, metal content. The result shows that these non-sulfide catalysts have several good characters that supporting their usefulness in hydrotreatment-catalytic reaction. In addition, catalyst NiMo/USY - 1 performs many ideal criteria as the best functional catalyst. Keywords: Non-sulfided Catalyst, hydro-treating, preparation, characterization
<p>Tahu merupakan produk makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Produksi tahu di Indonesia masih banyak menggunakan metode konvensional dengan limbah yang dihasilkan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah tahu mengandung senyawa organik dengan pH yang rendah dan merupakan salah satu penyumbang polutan pada lingkungan perairan apabila tidak dilakukan proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah tahu dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, seperti penambahan bakteri mikroorganisme efektif, plasma ozonasi, biogas dan produksi makanan. Potensi pengolahan limbah tahu menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat belum banyak dikenal masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode alternatif pengolahan limbah tahu yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga mudah diterapkan pada masyarakat. Beberapa pengolahan limbah tahu berpotensi menjadi pupuk organik cair, mengurangi kadar polutan sehingga lebih aman jika dibuang ke lingkungan, yang selanjutnya dapat menghasilkan biogas sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Selain itu, limbah tahu dapat digunakan untuk produksi makanan seperti <em>Nata de soya, </em>tempe gembus, dan keripik</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Tofu Waste Treatment and Its Potential. </strong><span lang="EN-GB">Tofu is a food product most consumed by Indonesians. Tofu production in Indonesia still uses conventional methods with the resulting waste which has not been used optimally. Tofu waste contains organic compounds with low pH and is a contributor to pollutants in the aquatic environment if it was not processed first before being discharged into the environment. Tofu waste treatment can be carried out by several methods, such as the addition of effective bacteria of microorganisms, plasma ozonation, biogas, and food production. The potential of tofu waste processing into a more useful product has not been widely recognized by the public. Therefore, it requires an alternative method of tofu waste treatment that is more effective and efficient so that it is easily applied to society. Some tofu waste treatment plants have the potential to become liquid organic fertilizer, reduce pollutant levels thus it is safer when released into the environment further used to produce biogas as an alternative fuel. In addition, it can be used for other food products such as Nata de soya, Tempe gembus (a traditional fermented food), and chips.</span></p><p> </p>
<p>Limbah tahu merupakan zat yang berbahaya dan memiliki dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan apabila tanpa proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Permasalahan ini dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pengolahan limbah tahu menggunakan bakteri sebagai alternatif pembuatan pupuk organik dan <em>treatment</em> plasma ozonasi untuk mengurangi bau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan limbah tahu sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik, mengurangi bau busuk yang dihasilkan oleh limbah tahu sehingga aman dan mudah diterapkan oleh masyarakat. Pengolahan limbah tahu tersebut dilakukan dengan variasi metode menggunakan<em> </em>bakteri pengurai mikroorganisme efektif dimodifikasi dengan plasma ozonasi dan aerator, serta penambahan <em>antifoam.</em> Pengolahan limbah dengan plasma ozonasi didahului dengan penambahan antifoam. Hasilnya menunjukkan limbah dengan penambahan <em>antifoam</em> dan plasma ozonasi selama 15, 30 dan 60 menit memiliki karakteristik sangat bau dan keruh. Penambahan bakteri, molase dengan <em>treatment</em> tanpa dan dengan ozonasi selama 14 hari menunjukkan karakteristik yang agak berbeda dengan bau yang agak berkurang dengan sebelumnya tetapi masih sangat keruh. Penambahan EM<sub>4</sub> <em>treatment </em>plasma dikombinasi dengan plasma ozonasi memberikan karakteristik yang paling baik dengan bau dan kekeruhan yang jauh berkurang. </p><p><strong>Decomposition of Tofu Waste using Bacteria and Ozonation Plasma. </strong>Tofu waste is a dangerous substance and had a bad impact on the environment if without not be processed. This problem can be resolved by treating tofu waste using bacteria as an alternative for making organic fertilizers and treating plasma ozonation to reduce odor. The study aims to describe the tofu waste thus it can be used as organic fertilizer, reducing the bad smell produced by tofu waste which is safe and easy for the community to apply. The tofu waste treatment has been treated with a variety of methods using bacteria that decompose microorganisms effectively modified with ozonation plasma and aerators, as well as the addition of antifoam. The waste treatment with ozonated plasma has been processed by the addition of antifoam. The results showed that the waste with the addition of antifoam and ozonation plasma for 15, 30, and 60 minutes had a very odor and cloudy characteristics. The addition of bacteria, molasses treated without and with ozonation for 14 days showed that the tofu wastes have different characteristics with a slightly reduced odor but are still very cloudy. The addition of EM4 plasma treatment combined with ozonated plasma gave the best characteristics with significantly reduced odor and turbidity.</p>
The NiMo/Indonesian natural zeolite (NiMo/ZA) and CoMo/ZA catalysts are produced through the impregnation methods. These catalysts were characterized by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRF data show that the CoMo/ZA catalyst has a large amount of metal content more than NiMo/ZA. The FTIR spectra of catalyst show a shift of asymmetric stretching of TO4 group to a larger wavenumbers than the FTIR spectra of ZA. Meanwhile, the metal phase in the CoMo/ZA catalyst is CoO and MoO3, and the metal phase in the NiMo/ZA catalyst is NiO and MoO3.
<p>Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang lempung alam (bentonit) yang diaktivasi dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, dan dengan proses interkalasi menggunakan larutan Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>O. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan konsentrasi optimum untuk aktivasi lempung, berdasarkan karakter persentase montmorillonite dan keasaman total. Hal ini juga didukung oleh karakterisasi setelah proses interkalasi, yaitu karakter luas permukaan spesifik, volume pori total, radius pori rata-rata dan kandungan aluminium. Analisis persentase-Montmorilonit dilakukan dengan menggunakan difraksi sinar X; keasaman total ditentukan secara gravimetri; luas permukaan spesifik, volume pori total, dan jari-jari pori rata-rata diukur dengan S<em>urface</em><em> Area Analyzer</em> NOVA dan kandungan aluminium ditentukan oleh Analisis Aktivasi Neutron.</p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi optimum pada konsentrasi H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1,5 M mempunyai persentase montmorillonite optimum (91.335%) dan nilai keasaman meningkat 193.955% dari nilai keasaman bentonit alam. Karakter fisik dan kimia setelah interkalasi juga menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kadar aluminium (57,540%), luas permukaan spesifik (150,586%), volume total pori (73,236%) dan keasaman Total (203,504%) dari bentonit alam. Rerata jejari pori mengalami penurunan 10,274% setelah aktivasi dan penurunan 30,868% setelah proses interkalasi.
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