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Limbah sampah plastik setiap harinya akan meningkat seiring dengan banyaknya kebutuhan manusia. Penimbunan sampah dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan manusia. Terlebih sampah plastik yang tidak dapat terurai dan mengandung zat kimia berbahaya apabila dibiarkan mencemari lingkungan seperti tanah dan air. Adanya lembaga atau perusahaan yang begerak dalam pengolahan sampah plastik dapat membantu mengurangi menumpuknya limbah plastik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian bertempat di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kajian dalam proses pengolahan sampah plastik yang dilakukan oleh Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan sampah plastik yang dilakukan di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengolahan sampah plastik di Unit Dagang Nialdho Plastik terdapat empat tahap yaitu: 1) pengepulan, 2) penyortiran, 3) pengepakan, dan 4) pendistribusian. Setiap jenis plastik memiliki harga yang berbeda per kilogram berdasarkan karakteristik plastiknya.

Abstract. Yulian R, Narulita E, Iqbal M, Rochmiyah D, Suryaningsih I, Ningrum DEAF. 2020. Detection of virulence and specific genes of Salmonella sp. indigenous from Jember, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2889-2892. The bacterium Salmonella sp. is the most common cause of foodborne infection in humans. It has the ability to invAde the host, Salmonellosis is highly influenced by the combination of chromosome and plasmid in which Salmonella Pathogenisitas Islands (SPIs) are the biggest gene in the chromosome that are responsible to build specific interaction between Salmonella and the host. This research performed detection on virulence and specific genes in the SPIs area using PCR method for two Salmonella spp. bacterial isolates originated from Jember which were KP2 and P21D. Seven pairs of primers including stn, fimA, spvR (virulence genes), invA, ivaB, spvC, and fliC-d (specific genes) were used. The result revealed that P21D bacteria containing 3 virulence genes i.e. stn, fimA, and spvR. Meanwhile, only two virulent genes stn, and spvR were present in KP2 bacteria. For the detection of specific genes, three genes invA, ivaB, and spvC were present while fliC-d genes were not detected. Only two, invA, and ivaB genes were detected in P21D bacteria, while spvC, and fliC-d were not detected.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring technique to reduce students’ truant behavior of Surabaya Pharmacy School. This study used experimental methods with Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The stage of the study was the preparation, the implementation, and the final stage. The subject of study was twelve students of Surabaya Pharmacy School from first, second, and third grades taken at random through the student truancy scale and divided into two groups, control and experiment group. The intervention is done by doing the counseling group with cognitive restructuring technique to reduce the student’s truancy behavior. The Data was analyzed using SPSS Paired Sampled T-Test. The analysis result showed that there was a significant difference before and after the intervention using cognitive restructuring in the experiment group. Therefore, the technique of cognitive restructuring is effective to reduce student's truancy at Surabaya Pharmacy School.