Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore enablers and constraints in value co-creation in sponsored online communities, and to identify firm roles in shaping value co-creation. The structured analysis is translated into strategies for practitioners and for guiding future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors systematically review and synthesise the literature to develop a comprehensive model of value co-creation. Findings The literature review findings have led to the identification of four actors in sponsored online communities, revealed enablers and constraints for value co-creation in online communities, and provided insight into the simultaneous roles of sponsoring firm (co-creator and facilitator) and the interrelationship between them. Research limitations/implications Like other systematic literature review studies, the findings are limited by what was reported in the papers selected for the review. The authors contribute to service-dominant logic (SDL) by bridging the macro level to the empirical level, and add to our understanding of the sociomateriality theory by capturing constraints and enablers coming from various actors. Practical implications The extracted enablers and constraints guide decision makers to better design, asses, monitor and support sponsored online communities. The findings also inform how to orchestrate the two sponsoring firm roles so that the online community is still attractive for the members and creates value for the sponsoring firm. Originality/value Given the variety of disciplines dealing with value co-creation, and given the plenitude of definitions and related concepts, this study consolidates the existing knowledge and models how value is co-created in online communities.

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PurposeThe lack of authority of the sponsoring firm in online communities raises questions about how to orchestrate members of an online community in value co-creation. Hence, this study aims to examine how online communities co-create value with community members. The authors draw upon service-dominant logic (SDL) to study two comparable, and yet different, Indonesian firm-sponsored online communities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors build on an earlier systematic literature review and triangulate it with semi-structured interviews of 28 community members and content analysis of over 35,000 online comments. The data collection was conducted from February to October 2018.FindingsThe findings revealed that (1) value co-creation in online communities is orchestrated through the fluidity of the online community, which is represented by three mechanisms: consensus-making, consensus settlement and changing boundaries, and (2) the mechanisms can be conditioned by switching firm roles (as a co-creator and facilitator).Research limitations/implicationsThe study has enriched the body of knowledge in fluid organisations by explicating three mechanisms, consensus-making, consensus settlement and changing boundaries, that explain the coordination efforts between individuals who have options to participate or not and changing boundaries, that reveals actors' responses in online communities. The mechanisms demonstrate the dynamics of a service ecosystem.Originality/valueThis study offers valuable insights into how sponsoring firms orchestrate value creation in online communities where they do not have full control of participants' reactions. The authors hereby contribute to enriching the understanding of co-creating value with customers in a fluid organisation, such as online communities.

Saat ini jumlah penelitian di bidang kedokteran yang menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif semakin meningkat. Data kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari wawancara, observasi, maupun dokumen biasanya sangatlah banyak jumlahnya dan perlu diberi kode agar mudah menganalisanya. Proses coding sebenarnya cukup rumit dan memerlukan keterampilan tinggi. Sayangnya, hanya sedikit literatur yang menerangkan tentang coding dalam bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membantu peneliti-peneliti muda di Indonesia untuk melakukan coding. Dalam artikel ini dijelaskan definisi dan karakteristik penelitian kualitatif, langkah-langkah sebelum dan ketika coding dilakukan, siklus coding, penggunaan memo, cara melaporkan coding karya ilmiah, dan contoh-contoh penelitian terdahulu yang menggunakan coding serta limitasi dari proses tersebut. Dengan menguasai teknik coding, data yang banyak dapat diorganisir dengan baik dan menghasilkan tema yang mampu menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Namun, coding juga memiliki keterbatasan yang harus dipertimbangkan secara seksama oleh peneliti.