Objective: Acne, one among the very fashionable socially distressing skin conditions created by Propionibacterium acne have generally been treated by antibiotics. Within the light of the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, natural plant products are applied as a safer alternative. Keeping the very fact in the background, during this research work, the formulation of gel from the extracts of Murraya koeinigii leaves are prepared and evaluated as an anti-acne drug. Methods: The fresh leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical and antimicrobial screening. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) decided. Gel formulation of the extracts was developed and evaluated. The manufactured formulations were subjected to In vitro antibacterial activity against P. acnes, S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The marker compound, clindamycin, in herbal anti-acne preparation, was kept for the comparison with the zones of inhibition for antibacterial activity. Results: Anti-acne property was explored with the help of a standard curve and by comparing diffusion profiles by taking clindamycin as a reference. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that addition of permeation enhancer in the test formulation will improve the diffusion profile and thus it was designed to add permeation enhancer.
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication of diabetes has been a significant health issue globally. However, theaflavin enriched black tea extract (BTE-TF) could restrain DN. Objective: The main objective of this exploration was to elucidate the effect of BTE-TF on DN, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear and requires further investigation. Method: The tea leaves were fermented to get black tea extract. Total phenolic content and HPLC were carried out to determine the phenolic content and theaflavin in the extract. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day BTE-TF extract for 12 weeks. Biochemical parameters like blood glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride and antioxidant parameters of kidney tissue were measured. Histology, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay were performed to observe the effect of the extract with comparison to the standard drug (Metformin 200mg/kg/day). Result: Treated animals exhibited reduced blood glucose levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and serum triglycerides. Further, BTE-TF restored the histological alterations in the kidney. Chronic hyperglycaemia resulted in a significant increase in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines of NF-kβ pathway. BTE-TF attenuated oxidative stress (p<0.01), inflammation (p<0.05) and apoptosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that BTE-TF exerts a protective role against diabetes-induced renal injury by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
The fruits of Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd) are well known for centuries as a natural remedy for the treatment of various ailments. In this study, we aimed to explore the metabolites present in both varieties of small and big bitter gourds and to explore the multitarget mechanism of M. charantia in antiviral infection by utilizing network pharmacology. The study design involves the identification of the compounds in both varieties of the bitter gourd by Agilent QTOFLC-MS/MS system, followed by screening for ADME to analyze the possible mechanism of action, disease association, protein-protein interactions and major pathways involved therein. Several Databases used were IMPAT, BindingDB, Swiss Target Prediction, STRING, DAVID, and KEGG databases, and algorithms were used to gather information. To visualize the network, Cytoscape 3.2.1 was used. As a result, a total of 22 and 27 compounds were detected from small and big bitter gourds respectively. . The molecules from M.charantia provide an antiviral response through the involvement of pathways like toll-like receptor pathway, PI3/AKT pathway, NF-kappa B signalling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Moreover, the core target genes termed ‘Hub Genes” were also identified through Cyto-hubba. The main mechanisms of M. charantia were acquired by investigating the enrichment of each cluster through functional association clustering analysis. Our results exposed the mechanism of M. charantia against viral infection by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway study combinations.
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