Abstract. In the last few decades, the tidal inundation and abrasion along northern coast of Java Indonesia have been grown very rapidly. These situations are far beyond the geological scale. These are way too fast. Time series of high resolution satellite image data shows very clearly the tidal inundation and abrasion existence. In the recent years in fact the tidal inundation is obviously going further deeper inland. Many of urban and other areas like farming area, fishpond, etc. have been suffered tidal inundation and becoming worse in times. First it was only few centimetres of inundation and come only at a high tide, but now it can be more than a half of meter and coming at regular tide, and even has comes permanently in certain places. Many of the area along northern coast of Java are also suffering abrasion due to frequently of bad weather with storm surge strike the coastal area. What is happening to the northern coast of Java Island Indonesia is one most clear pictures of 'early climate change disaster'. Adaptation has been created against this 'early climate change disaster' such as build dykes, elevate the land, houses, infrastructures, etc. This paper will tell in details and comprehensively regarding adaptation of 'early climate change disaster' to the northern coast of Java Island Indonesia. This is one way to remain on what would happen in the future world wide as the global climate change consequences are finally coming. We have seen the news of the projection model of sinking of coastal cities in the world, vanishing Islands around the Pacific, etc. in the future.
Abstract. Land subsidence is not a new phenomenon for Jakarta and Semarang areas. According to some publications, the value of Jakarta's subsidence may reach 2-4 meter in certain place. Meanwhile, more than 2 meter of subsidence is taking place in northern part of Semarang. Some techniques are being used to derive land subsidence information in these areas such as repeated leveling measurements, GPS surveys, and InSAR measurements. The impact of land subsidence in Jakarta and Semarang could be seen in several ways, such as sea inundation ("Rob" in Javanese), problem on infrastructures, the wider expansion of flooding areas, etc. Cracking on housing, street, "sinking" on the bridges and dyke, problems on drainage are examples of infrastructures problems due to the land subsidence. Huge costs have already been spent to fixing those infrastructures problems both in Jakarta and Semarang. Since mostly liniear pattern of land subsidence are recognized in both area today and probably in the next years to come, in this case the impact especially on infrastructures are probably will getting worse. Insight look the subsidence impact to the infrastuctures in Jakarta and Semarang area would raisen the concern, and become key for adaptation and mitigation.
Land subsidence is not a new phenomenon for Semarang the capital city of Central Java Province with recent population of about 1.5 million. Some report said the subsidence in Semarang probably is occurring for more than 100 years. Geodetic surveys such as GPS Surveys can detect land subsidence accurately. Land subsidence in Semarang exhibits spatial and temporal variations with the typical average rates of about 3 to 10 cm/year until recently it seem the acceleration existed in some region of the city. This acceleration will increase the risk of negative consequences from the land subsidence. This paper present and discuss the acceleration of land subsidence in Semarang as detected from GPS Surveys. The surveys have been conducted in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016 and 2017. From 2008 to 2012 the subsidence generally follow linier rates while from 2012 to 2017 seem they are accelerating. The northern eastern region of Semarang along the coastal area still exhibits relatively higher rates of subsidence along with acceleration in rates compare to others region. Ground water exploitation is suspected to be the causes of that land subsidence phenomenon in Semarang city
Lowering on land surface which is commonly known as land subsidence is quite an issue in Indonesia today especially for coastal low elevation young sediment area, including cities or urban area lies on top of it. Jakarta is one of the city with most famous for land subsidence at the moment. If we go along northern coast of Java, many cities are experiencing the same situation as Jakarta and even more. As the impact from land subsidence, those coastal areas may experience water disaster such as sea water inundation and intrusion, wider expansion of flood and aquifer damage. Investigation of such areas in large and even regional scale with limited research budget is a problem. Nevertheless we found way for at least reducing the problem by using the capabilities of remote sensing product, geological and geostatistic data. We can identify land subsidence, coastal effected by subsidence like mentioned above by only time series of satellite image archive such as Google earth or Landsat free distributed, geological map and published geostatistic data like water consumption and population growth, with sample validated by land subsidence measurement and groundwater monitoring points. This paper will highlight our finding.
Land subsidence in urban area of Indonesia like Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Pekalongan and others is quite well known today. Base on the geodetic measurements (e.g. Leveling, GNSS and InSAR) we can identify rates per year and also magnitude in certain periods. Nevertheless the initial time of its occurrence, especially a part influenced by anthropogenic causes, in many cases still remains unclear due to data limitation. This is an interesting research question because the initial time is crucial for determining total magnitude, while this total magnitude is important information for assessing the impact of subsidence. For example to understand the occurrence of tidal inundation, widening area of flood, calculating cost of adaptation, water table inversion, etc. we need to know quite exact the total magnitude of anthropogenic subsidence from its first initiation. Luckily we have long data measurements of subsidence in Jakarta, long data observation of groundwater in several urban areas and times series of images satellite that can be used for determining the initial time of anthropogenic subsidence in urban area of Indonesia. This paper will highlight how these data set answering quite well the research question.
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