The mapping abilities of four-year-old children in York, England, Durban, South Africa, Tehran, Iran, Mexico City, Mexico and Evanston, Illinois, USA were investigated, using a methodology involving air-photo identification and simulated navigation on an air photo. The results show that essential mapping abilities (perspective and scale transformations) are well developed by the age of four in these cultures, and provide some evidence in support of the hypothesis that mapping abilities emerge without training in very young children of all cultures. key words mapping abilities of preschoolers cognitive development cross-cultural environmental psychology
Continuing this series of six articles in which the first and second research papers dealt with public sector management and the political economy of public policies in relationship to some insights from distortions to agriculture, third paper attempts to deal with and outline the importance of international competitiveness, globalization and technology in developing countries. The role of technology cannot be underestimated for public administration, governance, and for purposes of economic growth. In so doing the paper will examine key global trends and traces the impact of the rise of China on developing countries. The paper will therefore, attempt to show that technology is an important element of globalization and competitiveness and that, developing countries because of their lack of competitiveness and technological change cannot effectively participate adequately in the technological world. This by implication hampers the emergence of public administration and governance in developing countries. The paper is crystallized from the in depth work by Carl Dahlman 2006, which arose from a seminar in New York. The seminar dealt with the following issues-technology and economic growth; changes in regional competitiveness; high performers over the last 50 years and their strategies with particular reference to East Asian economies; a review of the BRICM countries (Brazil, Russia, India,, China, and Mexico) which are the largest developing country economies. Developing countries find it difficult to compete with high performing East Asian countries because of the competitive environment and more difficult because of the rapid rise of China and to a lesser extent India. Finally some conclusions are discussed. It is hoped that these first three papers on public administration will rekindle the importance of the issues discussed. Although these papers are not original research, the works of celebrated authors in the compilation of these papers will assist in creating awareness, but more importantly, it is hoped that policy makers in the so-called developing world will utilize the strategies advanced in these series of articles.
You have to be the change you want to see in the world. (Mahatma Gandhi) Our first contact with Jim occurred in Chicago when Soni was a visiting scholar at the Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research at Northwestern University in the fall of 1987. On his return to South Africa, Soni described to fellow progressives his good fortune in meeting James Blaut. His description resonated with praises of a person whom he described as a ''man for all seasons''. Our later meetings and association with Jim confirmed Soni's verbal portrait of a person who was a literal and metaphorical giant: an examplar of Gramsci's ''organic intellectual''; a freedom fighter; a comrade; a nature lover; and, above all, a humble human being. Here is our privileged story. A story that pays homage to comrade Jim for the role he played in empowering black geographers in transforming geography and geographers in South Africa.It was a time of terrible repression in South Africa. It was a time when young and impressionable black academics were beginning to emerge, engage as activists and write about apartheid and its dastardly deeds. It was a time when, as young academics, we felt that the world did not care. It was also the time when we were apprised of the new theoretical developments in our discipline-a paradigm shift towards radical geography. We were junior members in a fledgling department of geography at a higher education institution established to mirror and echo one of apartheid's key pillars-separate education. It was a time when the masters of brutal state structures were hoping that through the portals of such educational institutions they Ó 2005 Editorial Board of Antipode. Published by Blackwell Publishing,
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