“…In most countries the consolidation of universities is a bottom up process, but the tendencies to connect at the central level are reflected in public policies. In some countries, for example in South Africa, Russia, China and Norway, top-down consolidations, which are more controversial, are also conducted (Karodia, Shaikh, & Soni, 2015). The objectives of mergers are therefore diverse and may include: entry into the 'world league of universities', rationalisation of education and research networks, as well as restructuring aimed at increasing the efficiency of the education process (Cai, 2016).…”