Many researchers delve for an alternative fuel to overcome the fossil fuel crisis. Developed countries have embarked focus on renewable energy like wind energy, geothermal, biofuel, ocean energy and solar energy. Biodiesel is considered to be one of the most felicitous one kinds of renewable energy with similar properties of diesel fuel. Biodiesel is gaining prominence due to the global fossil fuel crisis and emission control challenges. Biodiesel blends are formulated in numerous proportion with diesel to run the diesel engine and it has significantly reduced the harmful pollutants from contaminating the environment. This review paper summarizes the outcome of biodiesel blends on properties, performance and emission-quality of a diesel engine under different operating conditions. Results from the literature provide a comparative data between conventional diesel and diesel-biodiesel blend which indicates that the diesel-biodiesel blend provides shorter ignition delay and lesser heat release rate as well as slightly higher efficiency. The emissions like CO, HC and particulate matter are reduced while choosing biodiesel blends. Biodiesel blend with additives such as alcohol can be the appropriate solution for the fuel crisis. Finally, the review concludes the advantages and future scope of biodiesel as a better competent for diesel fuel.
An experimental investigation was performed on an LM25 aluminium alloy reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC), graphite (Gr) and moringa oleifera ash (MOA) particles. The composites with different proportions such as 5 w/% of SiC, 5 w/% of SiC + 1 w/% of Gr, 5 w/% of SiC + 3 w/% of Gr, 5 w/% SiC + 1 w/% MOA, and 5 w/% of SiC + 3 w/% of MOA were produced with the stir-casting method. The effects of the reinforcement particles on density, micro-hardness, grain size, porosity, particle distribution and microstructure were studied. A characterization study was made using optical microscopy (OP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the hardness and density results, the MOA-reinforced composites had better hardness and decreased porosity when compared to the Gr-reinforced composites. The MOA particles exhibited a homogeneous distribution in the matrix whereas the Gr particles had a few cluster formations.
Aluminium alloys are subjected to heat treatment to increase the strength and corrosion properties. This paper aims to study the effect of heat treatment on the compression behaviour of A356 alloy under quasi static condition and barreling effect. The various heat treatments are: (i) solution heat treatment of 1 h at 540 °C + natural aging 0 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h, (ii) solution heat treatment of 3 h at 540 °C + natural aging for 20 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h, and (iii) solution heat treatment of 6 h at 540 °C + natural aging for 20 h + artificial aging at 180 °C up to 5.5 h. Specially to understand the influence of artificial aging at every 0.5 h up to 5.5 h, the specimens were heat treated. From the results, solutionizing for 1 hr have a better compression strength irrespective of the artificial aging. Natural aging had decreased the ductility but increased the strength property. Artificial aging had a significant effect on the compressive strength and peak strength were obtained at 4 h irrespective of solutionizing heat treatment. Compressive strength increased by 33 % for 1 h of solutionizing and 4 h of artificial aged specimen when compared to non-heat treated alloy. Two mathematical relations discussed in literature were used for calculating the radius of the barreled surface followed by validation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20442
This paper investigates the stacking sequence of combined natural and synthetic fibres reinforced epoxy composites for better mechanical properties. The hybrid composites fabricated using vacuum assisted compression molding process with the natural and synthetic fibres layered in three different sequences such as type I, type II and type III where the synthetic fibers were placed alternatively. The ultimate tensile strength of composite type III was increased by 12% and 30% when compared to composite type I and type II respectively. The flexural test results showed that composite type III have better flexural strength 223 MPa which is 13% and 11% greater than composite type I and type II respectively. Overall, it can be declared that the composite type III shows better tensile, and flexural properties i.e., the composite with aloe vera and palmyra palm fibres have better wettability with the matrix when compared to bamboo fibre.
In recent years, conventional materials are rapidly replaced by advanced aluminium composites due to its lighter in weight and high-performance characteristics. These materials find vast applications in automotive components because of its excellent combination of properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness, better dimensional stability and enhanced wear characteristics. The present work is focused on hybrid composites manufactured by stir casting route where the A356 alloy is the matrix and SiC + Moringa Oleifera Ash (MOA) particles as reinforcements. The influence of Moringa Oleifera Ash (MOA) particles (self-lubricant) on the wear behaviour of the composites is studied. Fabricated composites are tested on a pin-on-disc test rig at dry sliding wear conditions to study the influencing input parameters such as load, sliding distance and composites. A356 Aluminium alloy is reinforced with 5% SiC as primary reinforcement, varying MOA particles with 1% and 3% as secondary reinforcement. The design of experiments (DOE) approach using Taguchi method was adopted to perform the experiments according to L9 orthogonal array and analyse the results. From Taguchi analysis, combination of best suited values is identified and reported. Inquest of influential wear test parameters and its effect on wear and friction is determined using the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
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