Alterations in the gut microbiome have been reported in liver cirrhosis, and probiotic interventions are considered a potential treatment strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Lactobacillus salivarius LI01, Pediococcus pentosaceus LI05, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI and Bacillus licheniformis Zhengchangsheng on CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats. Only administration of LI01 or LI05 prevented liver fibrosis and down-regulated the hepatic expression of profibrogenic genes. Serum endotoxins, bacterial translocations (BTs), and destruction of intestinal mucosal ultrastructure were reduced in rats treated with LI01 or LI05, indicating maintenance of the gut barrier as a mechanism; this was further confirmed by the reduction of not only hepatic inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A, but also hepatic TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9. Metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed an increase in potential beneficial bacteria, such as Elusimicrobium and Prevotella, and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia. These alterations in gut microbiome were correlated with profibrogenic genes, gut barrier markers and inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, L. salivarius LI01 and P. pentosaceus LI05 attenuated liver fibrosis by protecting the intestinal barrier and promoting microbiome health. These results suggest novel strategies for the prevention of liver cirrhosis.
Background and Aims: Primary liver cancer remains still the common cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the prognosis for patients with extrahepatic metastasis is poor. The aim of our study was to assess extrahepatic metastatic pattern of different histological subtypes and evaluate prognostic effects of extrahepatic metastasis in patients with advanced disease. Methods: Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, eligible patients diagnosed with primary liver cancer was identified between 2010 to 2012. We adopted Chi-square test to compared metastasis distribution among different histological types. We compared survival difference of patients with different extrahepatic metastasises by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to identify other prognostic factors of overall survival. Results: We finally identified 8677 patients who were diagnosed with primary liver cancer from 2010 to 2012 and 1775 patients were in distant metastasis stages. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was more invasive and had a higher percentage of metastasis compared with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lung was the most common metastasis and brain was the least common site for both hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Extrahepatic metastasis could consider as an independent prognostic factor for patients with liver cancer. Patients with brain metastasis had the worst prognosis, compared with other metastasis in overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) analysis. Conclusions: Different histological subtypes of liver cancer had different metastasis patterns. There were profound differences in risk of mortality among distant extrahepatic metastatic sites. Results from our studies would provide some information for follow-up strategies and future studies.
Etnobotani merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang tumbuhan yang digunakan manusia untuk keperluan sehari-hari dan pola pemikiran masyarakat terhadap sumber daya nabati yang ada di sekitar tempat tinggalnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis, kategori konservasi dan upaya konservasi tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan upacara adat masyarakat di Kecamatan Blangkejeren Kabupaten Gayo Lues. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian despriptif kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan survei ekploratif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahawa terdapat 23 spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan upacara adat. Kategori konservasi tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai bahan upacara adat adalah resiko rendah (75%). Masyarakat melakukan kegiatan penanaman tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai bahan upacara adat di perkarangan rumah dan kebun sebagai upaya konservasi
The study titled is using human reproduction system E-learning module to improve student's interest in optimizing the potential of multiple intelligence to increasing student interest in optimizing the potential of multiple intelligences in studying human reproductive system concept by using E learning module. This research was conducted on March 10 until March 25, 2015. The method used is experimental and descriptive with a sample size of 60 students consisting of 30 students class XI-IPA 2 and 30 students class XI-IPA 3. Data analysis used to know the difference of improvement of cognitive learning result is t test at significant level 0,05. Result of t test of student interest increase obtained t scor 16,3 ≥ t table (1,98). The conclusion of this research is the use of human reproduction system module through e learning can increase student interest in maximizing the potential of multiple intelligences.
Phytoremediation is a method of using plants to remove pollutants from contaminated soil or waters. Several species of aquatic plants have been used in reducing pollutants in the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three species of aquatic plants as phytoremediators to reduce levels of COD and BOD of liquid waste, the effect of tofu liquid waste on the fresh weight of the species, and the chlorophyll of the plants content after treatment. Data obtained through experimental methods through a quantitative approach with non-factorial Complete Randomized Design. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance. The results showed that three types of water plants were effectively used as phytoremediator in tofu waste water with the highest percentage of BOD and COD reduction obtained in a combination of Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) and Yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava L.) which was 99.42%. Besides, liquid tofu waste is effective in an increase in the species chlorophyll content. In brief, the aquatic plant species are effective to reduce COD and BOD levels and to increase of chlorophyll content and fresh weight of the species.
Observations about the impact of environmental parameters and time, on fortified vegetable oil, using typical commercial grade linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) packaging during typical shelf-life conditions, are minimal. We tested the long-term (12 months) impact of temperature and illuminance (light: 100 to 150 lux and darkness <1 lux) on refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPOL), fortified with vitamin A, and without antioxidant. Results showed degradation of fortified RBDPOL with 70 ppm vitamin A was approximately 19% at 18-22oC in Light, 18% at 18-22oC in Darkness, 38% at 32-33oC in light and 24% 32-33oC in darkness. A similar trend was observed at 45 ppm vitamin A. Exposure to both heat and light impacted vitamin A degradation, but was primarily attributed to prolonged exposure at elevated temperature, irrespective of the packaging material. This short study validates extensive research by Silalahi et al., (2017), doi:10.1111/ijfs.13462 on the impact of environmental effects of fortified vegetable frying oil, during extensive storage life periods.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Indonesia is a country with the 7th largest population of Diabetes mellitus sufferers in the world in 2015. Many people use plants as diabetes mellitus drugs, in Indonesia More than 500 types of plants have been shown to have hypoglycemic activity because these plants contain compounds that are efficacious as anti-diabetic. This study was aimed to determine as many types of plants as possible that are used as medicinal plants for diabetes mellitus in Beutong sub-district, Nagan Raya district. This research was conducted by conducting interviews with 100 respondents aged 18-60 years who knew information about plants used for Diabetes mellitus.This study used the method of interview, observation, and identification (PlantNet). The results found as many as 29 species of plants from 26 families. Myrtaceae family as the most numerous plants with the number of species as much as 10% and the family Fabaceae with the number of species as much as 7%. Leaves are the part that is most widely used as medicine and the majority of people process it in a different way. Consume by drinking more than by chewing and the recommended dose for consumption is 2 times a day after meals. Benefits for researchers can add information about medicinal plants for diabetes mellitus utilized by the people of Beutong District, Nagan Raya Regency and become one of the references for public knowledge traditional, and become a reference material for students in conducting research next.
Buku ini membahas mengenai aqidah yang meliputi pengertian aqidah, sumber aqidah islam, fungsi aqidah, wujudullah, tauhidullah, hakikat dan dampak dua kalimah syahadat, al-asmaul husna, ilmu allah, dan syirik. Sedangkan etika membahas tentang pengantar etika, etika dalam menuntut ilmu, bioetika tentang penerapan etika dalam ilmu-ilmu biologi, obat, pemeliharaan kesehatan dan bidang-bidang terkait), etika terhadap sesama manusia (etika bertetangga, etika terhadap anak, etika terhadap orang tua), etika lingkungan tentang kebijaksanaan moral manusia dalam bergaul dengan lingkungannya mencakup etika pelestarian dan etika pemeliharaan lingkungan, juga membahas tentang etika penulisan karya ilmiah dan plagiarisme.
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