The development of a country can be known by the expansion of its transportation facilities. Looking at the importance of roads for a region, there are many improvements and additions to these facilities and infrastructure. In the process of repairing the roads, some risks could be possibly causing failures such as time delay and cost overrun. The purpose of this study is to determine the important and the dominant factors that lead to the overrun cost to the road projects in Sragen Regency in 2017 and 2018. The data were obtained by distributing the questionnaires to the contractors who had handled the road projects in Sragen Regency. The results of the questionnaires survey collected 98 questionnaires of 55 contractors. The data analysis is using the program SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) Ver 25.0. The results of this study are the factors that cause overrun cost to the road projects in Sragen Regency in 2017 and 2018, are the implementation and the relationship of work and equipment, and the dominant factors that cause overrun cost to road projects in Sragen Regency in 2017 and 2018 is the implementation and the relationship of work.
The iron and steel industries play a crucial role in supporting national development. The high dependence on imported raw materials causes Indonesia to suffer US $ 2.11 billion steel trade deficit per year. This study identifies the role of iron and nickel smelters in supporting the development of steel industries. The methodology used is descriptive statistics and regression models. Ferronickel and nickel pig iron as the primary raw materials for stainless steel have been produced in Indonesia, but only 23.05% and 47.77% are sold domestically. According to the linear regression models, it is expected that steel production and consumption will grow. Indonesia will become an independent steel producer and even export it by 2050. However, the supply chain is weak and poorly integrated as the local raw materials do not meet the domestic steel industry’s specifications. By 2050, 44 million tonnes of scrap, 19 million tonnes of sponge iron, 16 million tonnes of nickel, and 10 million tonnes of other raw materials will be needed annually. Hence, to reduce the national steel trade deficit, Indonesia must increase the smelters capacity and optimize local iron resources by increasing Fe content to meet the specifications of the national steel industry.
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