A direct reduced iron (DRI) was prepared using iron concentrate pellets and a coal as a reductant through three stages, namely, the first: iron concentrate pellets were dried by slow heating at 150°C to remove water content, the second: they were heated at 1,200°C to reduce magnetite into hematite which was treated in two different conditions, namely by oxygen and without oxygen injections; and the third: they were reduced in an atmosphere of CO/CO2 at various temperatures of 950-1,200°C. In this reduction process of iron oxide would be reduced by CO to metallic iron (Fe). The experimental results showed that the metallization without oxygen injection produced the best metallization at 1,100°C and the ratio of carbon/iron (FC/Fe) of 0.52 to result 84.54%, contained 74.68% Fe and 88.34% Fetotal. The metallization by oxygen injection produced the best metallization at 1,100°C, providing result of 96.81%, Femetal of 87.88% and 90.78% of Fetotal. The iron oxides on the DRI were relatively low, namely 2.9%. In this research, prior pellets preparation a magnetic oxidation process on iron ore concentrate was also conducted and changed the magnetite into hematite. The reduction process on its pellets produced 94.15% metallization at 1,100°C, and the DRI contained 97.85% of Fetotal, 85.32% of Femetal and 5.35% of Fe oxides. Furthermore, analyzing a remained carbon of the DRI using microscopy to seek the metal structure formed. The remained carbon was reported around 1-6% C. Next smelting process, it is suggested to have a high residual carbon concentration as there will be a carbon boil mechanism to reduce iron oxides that are still lagging on the DRI.
Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) adalah penyakit yang tidak ditularkan dari individu ke individu lain. perubahan pola makan, merokok, konsumsi alkohol dan kurangnya aktivitas merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya penyakit tidak menular. Deteksi dini penyakit tidak menular merupakan cara untuk mengetahui faktor resiko terjadinya PTM. Tujuan dari Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk mendeteksi dini terjadinya penyakit tidak menular pada usia produktif. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan pemeriksaan yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator penyakit tidak menular yang meliputi pemeriksaan tekanan darah, pemeriksaan gula darah dan pemeriksaan asam urat. Pemeriksaan dilakukan pada 42 peserta yang terdiri dari 35 peserta perempuan dan 7 peserta laki-laki dengan usia antara 23-60 tahun. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukan sebagian besar peserta berusia lebih dari 40 tahun. Hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah menunjukan 17 (40,48%) peserta memiliki tekanan darah normal, 19 (45,23%) peserta memiliki tekanan darah prehipertensi dan 6 (14,29%) peserta memiliki tekanan darah hipertensi. Hasil Pemeriksaan kadar gula darah menunjukan 34 (80,95%) peserta memiliki kadar gula dibawah 140 mg/dl dan 8 (19,05%) peserta memiliki kadar gula darah lebih dari 140 mg/dl. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan asam urat 9 (25,72%) peserta memiliki kadar asam urat normal dan 26 (74,28%) peserta memiliki kadar asam urat lebih dari normal. Sebagian besar responden merasa puas dengan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan sangat menarik serta sangat dibutuhkan masyarakat. Diharapkan kegiatan deteksi dini dapat dilakukan secara berkala bukan saja hanya pada usia produktif tetapi juga usia remaja. Kata Kunci: deteksi dini, PTM, usia produktif , EARLY DETECTION OF NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AT THE PRODUCTIVE AGE IN NURSING ACADEMIC YATNA YUANA LEBAK Siti Rochani 1 Sumartini 2 Akademi Keperawatan Yatna Yuana Lebak siti_rochani78@yahoo.co.id ABSTRAC Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not transmitted from one individual to another. Changes in diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and lack of activity are risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Early detection of non-communicable diseases is a way to determine the risk factors for PTM. The purpose of this community service is to earlier detect occurrences of non-communicable diseases at productive age. The method used is to carry out examinations that can be used as indicators of non-communicable diseases which include blood pressure checks, blood sugar checks and uric acid tests. The examination was carried out on 42 participants consisting of 35 female participants and 7 male participants aged between 23-60 years. The results of the examination showed that most of the participants were more than 40 years old. The results of the blood pressure examination showed 17 (40.48%) participants had normal blood pressure, 19 (45.23%) participants had prehypertension blood pressure and 6 (14.29%) participants had hypertensive blood pressure. The results of the examination of blood sugar levels showed 34 (80.95%) participants had sugar levels below 140 mg/dl and 8 (19.05%) participants had blood sugar levels more than 140 mg/dl. Based on the results of the uric acid examination 9 (25.72%) participants had normal uric acid levels and 26 (74.28%) participants had uric acid levels more than normal. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the community service carried out and the implementation of the activities was very interesting and very much needed by the community. It is hoped that early detection activities can be carried out regularly, not only at the productive age but also at the adolescent age. Key word : . Early detection, Non-Communicable Diseases, productive age
The availability of energy becomes a major problem in the construction of iron mineral-based smelter to produce ferrous metals in the form of pig iron. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the Krupp-Renn technology that based on coal as a reducing agent to produce pig iron in the form of nuggets. Such a technology employs a rotary kiln that consumes less energy than other furnaces. In this study, reduction process of iron sand concentrates with coal as the reductant was accomplished in a minisized rotary kiln (0.6 m diameter and 6 m length). The process of iron nugget making from iron sand concentrate was conducted in two (2) stages, namely oxidation and reduction processes. The former was accomplished at a temperature above 800°C for 2 (two) hours to produce hematite phase. While the later was carried out at 1250-1300°C for 6-8 hours. Both processes produced iron nuggets that contained more than 90% Fe. The highest Fe content reached 96.49% Fe. Such a nugget could meet the requirement for steel making.Keywords: iron nugget, rotary kiln, Krupp-Renn technology, concentrated iron sand, oxidation and reduction processes. ABSTRAK Ketersediaan energi menjadi masalah utama dalam pendirian smelter berbasis mineral besi untuk menghasilkan produk logam besi dalam bentuk besi wantah, maka teknologi
Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah kumpulan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah (hiperglikemia) dikarenakan resistensi sekresi insulin. Pendidikan kesehatan adalah upaya meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam menolong diri sendiri dan mengembangkan kegiatan yang berwawasan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan diet penderita diabetes melitus sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan desain kuasi eksperimen dimana menggunakan pendekatan pre test dan post test pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok 15 responden intervensi dan 15 responden kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji statistik paired sample t-test dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% untuk melihat apakah ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pre- test dan post-test. Hasil penelitian karakteristik responden 73,33% berusia <60 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hasil uji Pairet-t test menunjukan ada perbedaan signifikan pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi dengan p-value 0,001 (p=<0,05), dan ada perbedaan signifikan kepatuhan pada kelompok intervensi dengan p-value 0,000 (p =<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat pengetahuan dan kepatuhan post-test kelompok intervensi dan kontrol dengan p-value 0,000 ( p=<0,05) dan p-value 0,021 ( p= 0,05). Kesimpulan pendidikan kesehatan dengan menggunakan flipchart efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan diet pada pasien diabetes melitus
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