Marine sponge associated fungi are known as potential source of metabolites with various biological activities. Natural pigment is one of metabolite which produced by microorgisms. Several researches reported the antimicrobial activity from natural pigment. Unfortunatelly there are lack of information about marine fungi natural pigment and its producer. The aims of this research were to identify yellow pigmented Indonesian marine sponge-associated fungi, to extract the pigment, and to study the antimicrobial activity of the pigment against clinical MDR bacteria and clinical pathogenic fungi. Sponge associated-fungus isolate MT23 was successfully identified as Trichoderma parareesei. The fungal pigment could be extracted only in methanol with yield 6,22±0,29%. The pigment could inhibitted S. typhi and E. coli MDR strains. The biggest antibacterial activity was shown by concentration 1000µg/mL against S. typhi with inhibition zone was 4.03±0.06 mm.
Exploration of new source of antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria is urgently needed. Indonesia as archipelago country has a wide variety of marine organisms with potential as source of new antibacterial compounds against MDRO. Aims of the study were to isolate sponge-associated fungi from sponge Cinachyrella sp. collected from Pandang Island, North Sumatera, Indonesia, to screen potential fungi against clinical pathogenic MDR bacteria, to identify the potential fungi; and to determine the best cultivation time for antibacterial production. Nine spongeassociated fungi were successfully isolated. Result of agar plug method showed fungus PDSP 5.7 was the most potential candidate which inhibited ESBL Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ser. Typhi, MRSA, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain MDR. This fungus had 100% similarity to Trichoderma reesei. In malt extract broth, T. reesei PDSP 5.7 had stationary phase from day 12 to day 18. In addition, the widest antibacterial was performed by extract from day 15. Furthermore, fungal extract showed best antibacterial activity against S. enterica ser. Typhi strain MDR with inhibition value of 14.72 ± 0.07 mm 2 .
Abstract. Sibero MT, Siswanto AP, Pribadi R, Sabdono A, Radjasa OK, Trianto A, Frederick EH, Wijaya AP, Haryanti D, Triningsih DW, Hayuningrat SJ, Igarashi Y. 2020. The effect of drying treatment to metabolite profile and cytotoxic potential of Rhizophora apiculata leaves. Biodiversitas 21: 2180-2187. Coastal communities in Indonesia have utilized Rhizophora spp. leaves as a traditional medicine for many years. The previous studies have succeeded in extracting bioactive compounds from this mangrove after drying treatment, but there is a possibility of the compound decomposition or breakdown. This study aimed to determine the effect of drying treatment on the metabolite profile of R. apiculata leaves which were taken from mangrove forests in Rembang, Central Java. The effect of pre-drying treatment was examined by comparing the metabolites profiles of fresh, oven-dried, and sun-dried leaves crude extracts. Extraction was carried out using maceration method with agitation (110 r.p.m.) for 24 hours in methanol. The metabolite profile was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) and thin layer chromatography (TLC), while secondary metabolites were studied by phytochemical test. The phytochemical results showed that there were no differences in metabolites in dried and fresh R. apiculata leaves. Crude extract of fresh and oven-dried gave 10 spots on the TLC, while sun-dried crude extract had 9 spots. The one missing spot (Rf value of 0.79) in the sun-dried crude extract might have unstable compounds that are easily degraded or damaged by the sunlight. Moreover, HPLC chromatogram indicated the pre-drying treatment gave alteration to the R. apiculata metabolites that only detected at 400 nm. Cytotoxic assay against P388 murine leukemia cell indicated that oven-dried treatment gave the best anticancer activity with IC50 value of 0.0323 mg/mL.
Phytohabitols A−C (1−3), new terminally δlactonized linear polyketides, were isolated from the culture extract of a rare actinomycete of the genus Phytohabitans. The structures of 1−3, substituted with multiple methyl and hydroxy groups on a conjugated and a skipped diene-containing backbone, were elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by chemical derivatization and chiral anisotropic analysis, coupled with ROESY and J-based configuration analysis. In addition, closely similar 1 H and 13 C NMR data and optical rotations among 1−3 supported the same stereochemistry of these polyketides. The related streptomycetes metabolites lagunapyrones B, C, and D have α-pyrone rings on the linear part in place of the δ-lactone, but their chirality at the C19−C21 stereocenters were opposite from those described here, posing a question on the previous assignment made solely by comparison of the optical rotations of four possible diastereomers. Compounds 1−3 inhibited migration of cancer cells with IC 50 values of 15, 11, and 8.3 μM, respectively, at noncytotoxic concentrations. In addition, 1−3 displayed potent antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi with IC 50 values of 12, 6.4, and 18 μM, comparable to a commonly used therapeutic drug, benznidazole (IC 50 16 μM).
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