Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Identification of Yellow Pigmented Marine Sponge-Associated Fungi from Teluk Awur, Jepara, Central Java

Abstract

Marine sponge associated fungi are known as potential source of metabolites with various biological activities. Natural pigment is one of metabolite which produced by microorgisms. Several researches reported the antimicrobial activity from natural pigment. Unfortunatelly there are lack of information about marine fungi natural pigment and its producer. The aims of this research were to identify yellow pigmented Indonesian marine sponge-associated fungi, to extract the pigment, and to study the antimicrobial activity of the pigment against clinical MDR bacteria and clinical pathogenic fungi. Sponge associated-fungus isolate MT23 was successfully identified as Trichoderma parareesei. The fungal pigment could be extracted only in methanol with yield 6,22±0,29%. The pigment could inhibitted S. typhi and E. coli MDR strains. The biggest antibacterial activity was shown by concentration 1000µg/mL against S. typhi with inhibition zone was 4.03±0.06 mm.

Fungal Pigments and Their Prospects in Different Industries

“…Monascin (yellow), monascorubramine (red), monascorubrin (orange), ankaflavin (yellow), citrinin (yellow), rubropunctamine (purple-red), rubropunctatin (orange), N-glucosylrubropunctamine (red), N-glucosylmonascorubramine (red), monarubrin (pale yellow), rubropunctin (pale yellow) Uncharacterized (yellow) [70,71] Trichoderma parceramosum Uncharacterized (red) [72] Cordyceps farinosa (Formerly Known as Isaria farinosa)…”

Antibacterial Activity of Red Pigment Isolated From Coastal Endophytic Fungi Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria

“…Slide culture method was performed for fungus cultivation with modifications (Qiu et al 2005;Sibero et al 2016b;Sibero et al 2017). PDA media was prepared and cut approximately 2 × 2 cm and placed on sterilized object glass.…”

“…Pigment was extracted using solid liquid extraction (Manikkam et al 2015;Sibero et al 2016b). PDA media were separated from the mycelia using sterilized metal cutter.…”

“…Antibacterial assay was conducted based on Sibero et al (2016b) with several modifications. The pigment extracts were used to test against clinical MDR gram-negative bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis with two replications.…”

“…Red pigment from this fungus was judged as extracellular pigment, because it was released outside the cells. Several fungi produced extracellular pigments and known to have biological activity (Dong & Yao 2012;Mani et al 2015;a;Sibero et al 2016b). …”