This study aims to explore the moral disengagement in juvenile sex offenders and how their social environment relates to moral disengagement. Cognitive processes have a role in encouraging adolescents to fornicate a girl. The theory of moral disengagement can explain why adolescents do sexual offenses. This research used a qualitative method of a case study. The number of participants was seven adolescents aged 16-18 years and had been found guilty of forcibly by the court. The interview method was used to collect the data. The results showed that the juvenile sex offenders used seven forms of moral disengagement of Bandura's theory: moral justification, euphemistic labeling, displacement of responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, distortion of consequences, dehumanization, and attribution of blame. The result also showed that juvenile sex offenders used active avoidance to minimize their guilty feeling. This was a different form of early moral disengagement form of Bandura. The social environments identified in this research were the family condition, permissive environmental, peer group, pornographic exposure, lack of appreciation of religion, and the absence of adverse reaction from the victim.
Access to social media can encourage adolescents to make social comparisons, causing psychological distress. There are two emotion regulation strategies, namely cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The cognitive reappraisal strategy weakens the relationship between social comparison on social media and psychological distress, while the expressive suppression strategy strengthens it. This study aimed to examine the role of emotion regulation as the moderating variable between social comparison and psychological distress. This study involved 562 participants aged 12-18 years in Indonesia. This study used Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 (HCL-10) to measure psychological distress in adolescents, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). The data underwent simple moderation analysis. The result showed that expressive suppression significantly predicted psychological distress in adolescents. However, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were not proven as moderating variables in the relationship between social comparison and psychological distress (β = -.000, SE = .000, p > 0.05). Emotion regulation did not reduce psychological distress in adolescents, so emotion regulation was not proven to be able to act as a moderating variable. However, adolescents tend to compare themselves to social media to be vulnerable to psychological distress.
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