The function of silane coupling agent in rubber mixing field is to combine inorganic matrix with rubber organic matrix. Silica is commonly used in the rubber mixing field to strengthen rubber. The size and amount of silica aggregates in the mixing process are important factors affecting the wear of the mixing chamber. The wear of the mixing chamber would lead to a increasing gap between the mixer chamber and the rotor, which caused the mixing efficiency reducing. It also affected the dispersion effect, then affected the mechanical and physical properties of the vulcanized rubber. In this paper, the effects of rubber compound on metal friction and wear were studied by using four silane coupling agents commonly used in rubber mixing field. The experiment was carried out at 15 C, and the attention should be paid to drying during sample preparation to avoid the deviation of the experiment caused by hydrolysis of silane coupling agent. The results showed that silanization reaction occured between silica and silane coupling agent in the mixing process.The mixing temperature was usually maintained at 145 to 155 C for 1 min in the mixer, and the silanization reaction rate was the fastest during this time.We took this rubber compound as the research object and studied the friction and wear of the rubber compound on the mixing chamber in the mixing process. The products of the silylation reaction are alcohol and water. This paper studies the corrosion and abrasion of the mixing chamber by water at high temperatures. In the mixing process, abrasive wear was the main wear form, but the corrosion wear caused by high temperature steam still occupied a large proportion.
Studies show that long-term operation of the rubber mixer results in wear at the end face of the mixer. End face wear increases the gap between the mixing chamber and the end face, which results in leakage and reduces the mixing performance, thereby affecting the quality of the final product. Therefore, it is of significant importance to investigate the wear of metal face during the mixing process. In the present study, calcium powder was added to the rubber compound using a mechanical blender to obtain a composite material. Then the influence of the calcium powder on metal friction and wear of the end face of the mixer was analyzed. The obtained results show that the calcium powder has anti-friction properties, which can greatly reduce the compound wear on the metal. The lowest corrosion and wear of the compound on the metal was achieved with 5 phr of calcium powder. Meanwhile, it is found that the tensile and tear-resistance properties of the compound with 5 phr of calcium powder are slightly lower than those without calcium powder. However, the compound with 5 phr of calcium powder has higher friction, cold resistance, wet slip resistance, and lower rolling resistance.
Waste tires are known as “black pollution”, which is difficult to degrade. The safe handling and recycling of waste tires have always been the focus of and difficulty for the global rubber industry. Pyrolysis can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution but also completely treat the waste tires and recover valuable pyrolysis products. This paper summarizes research progress on the pyrolysis of waste tires, including the pyrolysis mechanism; the important factors affecting the pyrolysis of waste tires (pyrolysis temperature and catalysts); and the composition, properties, and applications of the three kinds of pyrolysis products. The composition and yield of pyrolysis products can be regulated by pyrolysis temperature and catalysts, and pyrolysis products can be well used in many industrial occasions after different forms of post-treatment.
Internal mixer is one the most commonly used rubber-mixing equipment, which has been applied for decades. This device can operate continuously for a long time. Accordingly, it is quite probable to have wear of the end face of the mixer. Studies show that the end face wear increases the gap between the mixing chamber and the end face, resulting in material leakage, reducing the mixing effect and ultimately affecting the properties of the compound. Therefore, it is of significant importance to study the friction and wear of the mixing compound to the metal in the mixing process. Considering the superior characteristics of graphene (GE), it is considered a revolutionary material and has been widely applied in numerous applications. In the present study, the influence of the mixing compound with different amounts of GE on the friction and wear of the metal end face was analyzed and the ratio of the corrosion wear to abrasive wear was calculated for the first time. It was found that as the amount of GE increases, the proportion of abrasive wear on the metal increases, the proportion of corrosive wear on the metal decreases, and the metal wear decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the lowest metal wear can be achieved when the amount of GE is 3 phr.
The gap between the rotor and the mixer chamber wall is an important factor in determining filler dispersion in rubber compounds. The inner wall of a mixer will wear after working for a long time, which will cause poor filler dispersion and affect the quality of rubber products. In this study, MoDTC was added to carbon black as a kind of filler, and the effect on filler dispersion, the properties of the rubber product, and the friction and wear of rubber and metal in the mixing process were examined. Experimental data showed that after adding 3 phr of MoDTC, carbon black dispersion was greatly improved, the curing time was shortened, and the performance remained stable. It was also found that the Mo element of the compound with 3 phr MoDTC dispersed better than that of the other compounds. Most importantly, adding 3 phr of MoDTC greatly reduced the amount of wear on the metal during the mixing process. However, the opposite effect occurred when the MoDTC content was high. The method proposed in this study can not only improve filler dispersion in rubber but also reduce metal wear to prolong the service life of the mixing chamber when applied to an actual mixing process.
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