Pyrolysis of Waste Tires: A Review

Han, Wenwen; Han, Deshang; Chen, Hongbo

doi:10.3390/polym15071604

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The result is then recorded in Table 7. It was observed that the highest oil yield was reached at the 500 °C setpoint, with 69.6 wt%, corresponding with the studies in [8], [15], and [39]. Therefore, the fine-tuning PID setup was able to support maximum pyrolytic oil production by maintaining the plant's temperature at 500 °C.…”

Section: Production Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Pyrolysis process control: temperature control design and application for optimum process operation

Muharto,

Saputro,

Prabowo

et al. 2024

IJECE

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Fast pyrolysis in auger reactor gains attention for efficient bio-oil production. Due to the quick nature of the process, precise temperature control using the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm is paramount. This study harnesses various PID tuning approaches through modelling and experimental validation to optimize continuous and precise pyrolysis temperature. System identification was done to investigate the process dynamic with fit accuracy above 93% and design a suitable PID control. Comparison with the experiment data shows a favorable result with rise time and settling time match above 75%. Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) and Cohen-Coon (CC) tuning methods were implemented in the system with undistinguished results, yielding steady-state error (SSE) below 1% and settling time around 4,300 to 4,800 seconds. The heuristic fine-tuning method improved the rise time and settling time by stabilizing before 3,600 seconds. Furthermore, the robustness of PID controllers was verified with a disturbance rejection test, keeping the SSE deviation inside the boundary of 2%. Finally, the setup could support maximum pyrolytic oil production by 69.6% at 500 °C. The result implies that the PID controller could provide a stable and rugged response to support a productive and sustainable pyrolysis plant operation.

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Section: Production Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Pyrolysis process control: temperature control design and application for optimum process operation

Muharto,

Saputro,

Prabowo

et al. 2024

IJECE

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show abstract

“…To objectively describe the influence of different factors on the contact effect between particles and walls, the contact degree is defined as ψ using Equation (7), where N is the number of particles in contact with the reactor wall, and M is the total number of particles in the reactor.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyrolysis has gained significant attention as the most effective and thorough method of tire disposal and is a promising recycling approach [7][8][9]. Pyrolysis allows for the recovery of energy and valuable gas, liquid, and solid fractions from scrap tires [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Waste Tire Particle Movement in a Single Horizontal-Axis Stirred Reactor Based on the Eulerian Discrete Element Method

Hou,

Wu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The pyrolysis of waste tires has been considered a potential sustainable solution in light of escalating carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, current research indicates a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the movement of waste tire particles in a single horizontal-axis stirred pyrolysis reactor. This study employed EDEM 2021.2 software to perform comprehensive numerical simulations of a single horizontal-axis stirred pyrolysis reactor, examining the impact of three main production factors—particle size, feed rate, and central axis speed—on particle motion. By acquiring contact data between particles and reactor walls, we illustrated the persistent motion of particles during the operation of the equipment. The research findings suggest that with the rise in rotational speed, there is a corresponding increase in particle accumulation. In high-speed conditions, the interaction between particles and the reactor wall is intensified. The contact level increased by 15.54% (at 3 r/min) and 25.66% (at 5 r/min) with the rise in rotational speed. Furthermore, at an identical rotational speed, the interaction between the larger particle group and the wall surpassed that of the smaller particle group. Doubling the feed rate led to a reduction of over 10% in the contact level between particles and the reaction wall at varying speeds. Through a thorough analysis of various factors influencing particle motion, our objective is to elucidate the motion traits of particles in the reactor, offering crucial theoretical direction and technical assistance to enhance production efficiency and ensure the secure and steady operation of pyrolysis reactors.

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“…While it is theoretically feasible to regenerate raw rCB into a form suitable for the rubber industry, this process is deemed impractical due to its high energy intensity, necessitating reheating to at least 600-700 • C and releasing significant sulfurous gases [32,33]. Alternatively, rCB can be chemically modified using either acids or alkaline agents.…”

Section: Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Low-Quality Carbon Black Produced by Tire Pyrolysis

Rikmann,

Mäeorg,

Liiv

2024

Applied Sciences

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Pyrolysis is a promising way to reuse of waste tires. However, the carbon black generated in the process is often contaminated with various pyrolysis products. This study aims to recycle low-quality recycled carbon black (rCB) from waste tire pyrolysis, addressing the challenges posed by organic residues (up to 5 wt% bituminous substances, 112.2 mg/kg PAH). This causes the agglomeration of particles and decreases the active specific surface area. Cavitational vortex milling (both wet and dry) emerges as a promising method to valorize contaminated rCB, allowing for a significant reduction in the concentration of contaminants. This novel method allows for the generation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic black pigments. In parallel experiments, low-quality rCB is incorporated into solid biofuel to enhance its calorific value. The addition of 10 wt% rCB) to peat residues significantly elevates the calorific value from 14.5 MJ/kg to 21.0 MJ/kg. However, this improvement is accompanied by notable increases in CO2 and SO2 emissions. This dual effect underscores the necessity of considering environmental consequences when utilizing recycled carbon black as a supplement to solid biofuels. The findings provide valuable insights into the potential of cavitational vortex milling for carbon black valorization and highlight the trade-offs associated with enhancing biofuel properties through the addition of rCB.

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Pyrolysis of Waste Tires: A Review

Cited by 24 publications

References 148 publications

Pyrolysis process control: temperature control design and application for optimum process operation

Pyrolysis process control: temperature control design and application for optimum process operation

Analysis of Waste Tire Particle Movement in a Single Horizontal-Axis Stirred Reactor Based on the Eulerian Discrete Element Method

Recycling of Low-Quality Carbon Black Produced by Tire Pyrolysis

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