Background The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is overstressing health systems and Essential health services and vaccination services are disrupted. Immunization is a confirmed gizmo for governing and even eliminating communicable diseases. Objective This study aims to assess the challenge and status of immunization during COVID-19 and associated factors among children aged 10–23 months south Nation Nationality and People Region Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: community-based mixed quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study was done in southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. After that, the data were edited, coded, and move in into Epi info version 7.2 for data management then transported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The analyzed data were presented by tables, graphs, figures, and text form. Results According to this study, the prevalence of incomplete immunization was found to be 809 (62.2%) with (95% CI: 59.5, 64.8). In multivariable analysis waiting time at a health facility (AOR=0.04, 95% CI 0.0001,0.004), education (AOR=5.08,95% CI2.31,11.14), place of delivery (AOR=2.34,95% CI 4.96,6.089), fearing of COVID-19 (AOR=3.62,95% CI 1.72,7.64) and do not understand the separation care of COVID-19 and other health services (AOR=2.85,95% CI1.38,5.9) were significantly associated factors. Conclusion The prevalence of incomplete immunization among children aged 10–23 months was very high in this study as compared to the other studies done in a different pocket of Ethiopia. Consecutively, reducing waiting time at a health facility, avoiding unnecessary fear of COVID-19, and promoting immunization in a different area of southwest Ethiopia along with health extension workers are recommended.

BACKGROUNDEpisiotomy was first suggested about two centuries back to prevent perineal tear as well as a fetal head injury. However, there have been controversies about its benefits over its side effects. The magnitude of episiotomy varies across the world. No study was conducted in the study area. This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude and factors associated with episiotomy at public health institutions.SUBJECTS AND METHODSInstitutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed in four public health institutions in Hosaena Town. Data were collected through interviews administered structured questionnaires and supplemented with maternal chart review and anthropometric measurement from May 1st to June 30th, 2019. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. EpiData 3.02 and SPSS version 21 software were used for data entry, and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were done. Variables at p-value < 0.2 were transferred to multivariable logistic regression analysis. Then variables at p-value <0.05with 95% CI were considered as statistically significant and AOR was used to interpret factors associated with episiotomy. Tables and graphs have been used to present the results.RESULTSA total of 410 delivered mothers were included in the study and the magnitude of episiotomy was 57.6%with a mean of 95% CI = 0.53–0.63.Being primiparous (AOR = 16.96, 95% CI: 9.26, 31.05), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.84, 7.96), Second stage of labor lasting more than 2 hours (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.32), births attended by non-midwife professionals (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.14) and newborns head circumference >35 cm (AOR = 5.73, 95% CI: 3.29, 10.00) were factors significantly associated with episiotomy.CONCLUSIONSEpisiotomy was performed in more than half of the mothers included in the study. All the responsible bodies from the administrative to clinical practitioners should be in action to lower the magnitude of episiotomy by assuring that it is practiced restrictively with scientific indications.

IntroductionParent - young communication on sexual and reproductive health is one potential source of sexual and reproductive health information for young people. Lack of parent - young people communication was a serious problem in developing countries that resulted in emotional distress, lower self-esteem, school problems, drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. Assessing the the reasons and challenges of parents to young people communication about a sexual and reproductive health issue is the most effective way to prevent preexisting misbehavior in young people. ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess reason not to discuss and challenges of parent-young communication, and associated factors on sexual and reproductive health among parent living with young in North Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia 2021. MethodsA Community based cross-sectional mixed qualitative study was conducted on 1000 parents of youngs for quantitative and 2FGD and 25 in-depth interviews were included with a diversity of parents and students. Data were collected using a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews, FGD, and in-depth interviews. A bivariate and a multivariable logistics regression model was fitted for the quantitative part and individual in-depth interview and focus group discussion will be tape-recorded after verbal consent will be granted and finally translated and transcribed by the data collectors. Thematic analysis will be used to analyze the qualitative data based on emerging themes and sub-themes in line with the study objectives. ResultAccording to this study parent to young communication was found to be11.4 %( 95% CI:9.5,13). Multivariable analysis revealed that, residence (AOR=2.1 95%CI 1.15,9.34), sex (AOR=2.4,95% CI2.11,4.33), knowledge (AOR =3.8, 95% CI2.7,6.34),attitude(AOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.44,4.32) Father’s educational status (AOR=4.3, 95%CI 1.8, 4.56), mother educational status (AOR=2.4,95% CI 1.23, 4.12) number of children (AOR=3,95% CI 2.6,4.74) and age (AOR=3.22,95%CI 2.8, 4.9) were statistically significant associated factors on parent to young people communication.Conclusion and recommendationparent to young communication was low in this study as compared to other studies done in different pockets of Ethiopia. Successively, promotion of parent to young people communication and addressing the importance of parent to young people communication to all parents along with HEW was recommended