Objective
In tannery processing, water consumption is high, which generates wastewater as a by-product and numerous pollutants such as chromium heavy metals that make adverse effects of water bodies and the surrounding environment. This study analyzed, chromium (VI) removal from wastewater through activated carbon chat stem was investigated. Adsorption is a common treatment method via activated carbon due to its cost-effective, profitable, and removal efficiency of these heavy metals.
Results
The proximate analysis of moisture content of chat stem has 6%, activated carbon ash content of 17.35%, volatile materials of 20.12%, and fixed carbon contents of 56.53%, which are well-matched the standards quality of activated carbon. As the process parameter varies, the increment of the chromium removal efficiency was from 62.5 to 97.03%. The maximum adsorption efficiency was observed at 30 g/L dosage of the adsorbent, at pH 4, and contact time at 180 min of activated carbon from chat stem waste was found 97.03%. FTIR was used to characterize the surface of the chat stem before and after adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich are used for short contact time’s adsorption isotherm 0.9839 and 0.9995 respectively, which conformed, no visible change in the corrosion state.
In this research design of the concrete mix were performed according to the design expert method. The total mixes of 6 and total of 72 samples to consist of concrete grade C-25. The test samples were prepared with the of substitution percentage for the fine aggregate by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of PET plastic waste aggregate. Moreover, a control mix without replacement for the fine aggregate was used to have a relative analysis. The produced samples consist of concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams. Furthermore, laboratory experiments were carried out for the produced concrete test samples. The experiments conducted were; material property test, slump test, unit weight test, compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test, and flexural strength test. The test results were investigated and compared with the corresponding conventional concrete characteristics and reflect that there was a slight increase in compressive strength of the concrete up to 3% replacement and reduction in compressive strength increases beyond 3% replacement due to the replacement of PET aggregates, also like compressive strength there was an increase of tensile strength obtained with increasing PET bottle aggregate content up to 3% replacement. But more than 3% substitution of fine aggregate with PET bottle fiber, results in a reduced in tensile strength, and flexural strength. This test result shows that possible to use PET bottles in concrete production as a partial substitution for fine aggregates not more than 3% replacement.
Background: To control pollution, wastewater treatment from textile plays an important role in treating wastewater to meet quality standards before it is discharged into the environment. Without properly treated wastewater from the textile industry, it contains organic and inorganic pollutants that cause environmental problems such as water pollution, loss of marine life, and soil and air pollution. The aim of this study was to design and simulate a textile sewage treatment plant. Methods: This study was conducted by simulating the process and operation of a wastewater treatment plant using STOAT software. In addition, STOAT’s graphical and static data analysis models are efficient in removing multi-component pollutants from the textile industry. Results: Some pollutant parameters prior to the design model are suspended solids (SS) (260 mg/L), DS (3600 mg/L), ammonia (65 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (430 mg/L), nitrate (35 mg/L), and dissolved Oxygen (DO) (12 mg/L). The wastewater of the simulation result of the sewage treatment plant model contained SS (3.3 mg/L), ammonia (25 mg/L), BOD (4 mg/L), nitrate (61.3 mg/L), and the removal percentage of total suspended solids (TSS), BOD, and Ammonia was 99.75, 99.1, 61.33 mg/L, respectively. Through the treatment process, Ammonia was oxidized and nitrification was processed rather than denitrification. Conclusion: Using the stoat modeling software, wastewater treatment plant design is very effective in removing contaminants from textile wastewater by selecting specific parameters.
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