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In this study, a description was given for the adsorbent CaSiO3 for allure proximate examination and determination like particle density, main part density, and porosity analysis. This is performed before management of batch adsorption experiments. Both kinetics and balance studies for the adsorbent were examined. The influences of various process parameters like lead concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact temporal length for process removal were explored. The removal efficiency of CaO from eggshell was enhanced to increase after mixing it with silica coagulate compared with added scholar’s findings for the same limit. The maximum removal efficiency (99.58%) was obtained by limiting the pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration, and contact time at 4, 1.8 g, 35 g/L, and 140 minutes, respectively. Thus, blending CaO from eggshells with silica gel can increase the adsorption competency of CaO. Lead removal is well integrated into the Langmuir isotherm model with an equivalent factor of 0.991. The kinetic data of adsorption fit well into a pseudo-first-order model with a correlation coefficient of 0.90111. The pseudo-second-order model was the rate-determining step involved in the lead adsorption process for calcium silicate (CaSiO3) adsorbents.

The main objective of this study was production, optimization, and fuel quality characterization of biodiesel from equal weight ratio blended acid oil of cottonseed and sunflower soapstock using silica sulfuric acid as a solid acid catalyst in laboratory scale. The physicochemical properties of soap stock samples and extracted acid oil from each soap stock were determined. The experiment was designed by design expert (version 11) software. The 5-level 4-factors (methanol to acid oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, stirring rate, and reaction time) were designed using the central composite design method. From the experimental results, the maximum biodiesel yield of 90.68% was obtained using methanol to acid oil molar ratio of 7:1 using catalyst 5.5(%wt/wt) with a stirring rate of 300rpm at 3hr reaction time. The average value of triplicate experiment of biodiesel yield from the experimentation at optimized condition was 92.62%. The analysis of variance results indicated that satisfactory results were achieved. The carried out physiochemical properties of produced biodiesel were within a range and some were closest to American and European biodiesel standards.

In this research design of the concrete mix were performed according to the design expert method. The total mixes of 6 and total of 72 samples to consist of concrete grade C-25. The test samples were prepared with the of substitution percentage for the fine aggregate by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of PET plastic waste aggregate. Moreover, a control mix without replacement for the fine aggregate was used to have a relative analysis. The produced samples consist of concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams. Furthermore, laboratory experiments were carried out for the produced concrete test samples. The experiments conducted were; material property test, slump test, unit weight test, compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test, and flexural strength test. The test results were investigated and compared with the corresponding conventional concrete characteristics and reflect that there was a slight increase in compressive strength of the concrete up to 3% replacement and reduction in compressive strength increases beyond 3% replacement due to the replacement of PET aggregates, also like compressive strength there was an increase of tensile strength obtained with increasing PET bottle aggregate content up to 3% replacement. But more than 3% substitution of fine aggregate with PET bottle fiber, results in a reduced in tensile strength, and flexural strength. This test result shows that possible to use PET bottles in concrete production as a partial substitution for fine aggregates not more than 3% replacement.