Since 1992, seed production of mangrove crab, Scylla serrate, has been attempted at the Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Bali, Indonesia. During the production process, almost all of the larvae have died due to fungal infection. Fungi isolated from the larvae with fungal infection were classified into three species in the order Lagenidiales:Lagenidium callinectes, Haliphthoros milfordensis and Halocrusticida baliensis sp. nov. based on detailed morphological characteristics. The effects of temperature, pH and mineral content of the water on their growth were also examined. Seed production of the mangrove crab, Scylla serrate Forsskal, is an important industry in Indonesia. A serious problem facing this industry is fungal diseases, due to fungi belonging to the order Lagenidiales, which cause high mortality in the eggs and zoeal larvae. Fungal diseases in crabs caused by the fungi of the order Lagenidiales have been previously reported. In the genus Lagenidium, L. callinectes Couch has been reported from blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun (Couch, 1942; Bahnweg and Gotelli, 1980), and swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Nakamura and Hatai, 1995a). L. scyllae Bian et el. (Bian et. el., 1979) and L. thermophilure Nakamura et el. (Nakamura et el., 1995) have been isolated from mangrove crab, Scylla serrate. In the genus Haliphthoros, Hall milfordensis has been reported from swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Nakamura and Hatai, 1995a Halocrusticida hamanaensis and Halo. okinawaensis were formerly identified as fungi in the genus Atkinsiella. Atkinsiella dubia was also reported from the mantle of abalone, Haliotis sieboldii Reeve (Nakamura and Hatai, 1995a).In 1997, fungal diseases occurred in the eggs and zoeae of the mangrove crab S. serrate at the Gondol Research Station. The mortality rate reached almost lO0~ in the larvae. The infected larvae were whitish in color and filled with numerous aseptate hyphae. In this paper, the morphological and physiological characteristics of three strains of fungi isolated from the larvae of the mangrove crab with fungal infections were studied. Material and Methods Isolation and identification Zoeae of the mangrove crab,Scylla serrate Forsskal, which were produced at the hatchery of the Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Bali, Indonesia, were reared at 25-27~ in a tank and fed with rotifers, Branchionus plicatilis MLiller, and brine shrimp, Artemia saline Linnaeus. The infection occurred in the zoeae in July 1997. Zoeae from the tank were observed under the microscope.If fungal elements were present, we attempted to isolate them using PYGS (1.25 g of Bacto peptone, 1.25 g of Bacto yeast extract, 3 g of glucose, and 12 g of Bacto agar and 1,000 rn/of seawater) containing streptomycin sulphate and ampicillin, each at a concentration of 500 f~g/ml, to retard bacterial growth. The agar plates were incubated at 25~ for 5-7 d. After fungal colonies developed on the agar plates, each one was transferred onto fresh PYGS agar to make a pure culture. The f...
Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang secara alami berada dalam ekosistem perairan laut dan beberapa spesiesnya bersifat patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri secara umum dan Vibrio spp. secara khusus di perairan pantai dan teluk sebagai dampak dari aktivitas baik panti pembenihan, tambak udang, maupun karamba jaring apung (KJA) di pesisir Bali Utara. Sampel air diperoleh dari tiga lokasi sentra budidaya laut dan satu lokasi ekowisata yang berada di Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng. Sampel air diambil dari tiga titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 50 m, 100 m, dan 300 m dari garis pantai di Desa Gerokgak dan Desa Penyabangan. Sampling air dilakukan pada tiga titik sampling di sekitar KJA di Teluk Kaping, Desa Sumberkima, dan satu titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 100 m dari garis pantai di Desa Pemuteran. Sampling air dilakukan sekali dalam sebulan dari bulan Februari hingga November 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. di empat lokasi perairan di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali menunjukkan populasi tinggi pada bulan Maret hingga Mei dan menurun pada bulan berikutnya. Dan meningkat kembali pada bulan Oktober hingga November. Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. tertinggi terjadi di perairan pantai Desa Gerokgak hingga 9.067 ± 7.481 CFU/mL dan 1.147 ± 689 CFU/mL dibandingkan dengan dua lokasi sentra budidaya lainnya (Desa Penyabangan dan Teluk Kaping). Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. teramati pula di perairan Desa Pemuteran hingga 500 ± 52 CFU/mL dan 65 ± 7 CFU/mL yang kemungkinan merupakan dampak dari aktivitas budidaya ikan. Pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri di perairan pantai Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali dipengaruhi oleh musim dan kegiatan budidaya perikanan. Tingginya populasi bakteri Vibrio spp. pada perairan pantai dapat memengaruhi kesehatan ikan budidaya.Bacteria are a group of microorganisms naturally present in aquatic ecosystems. Some of the bacteria are pathogenic to other organisms and cause severe diseases. This study aimed to determine the fluctuation patterns of bacterial populations, with specific interest to Vibrio spp. in coastal and bay areas of North Bali which constantly receive effluents from nearby mariculture activities. Water samples were collected from three locations in a clustered marine fish farming area and one location in an ecotourism area as a control. Water samples were taken from three sampling points in the coastal area of Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages at a distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m from the coastline. Water samples were also collected at three sampling points around floating net cages (KJA) in Kaping Bay, Sumberkima Village, and one sampling point in Pemuteran Village located 100 m from the coastline. Water sampling was carried out each month from February to November 2018. Results of the study showed that total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were notably higher between March-May and October-November. The total bacteria and vibrio reached the peak number at 9,067 ± 7,481 CFU/mL and 1,147 ± 689 CFU/mL, respectively, which occurred in the coastal waters of Gerokgak Village. The total bacteria and Vibrio spp. of up to 500 ± 52 CFU/mL and 65 ± 7 CFU/mL, respectively, were also observed in the waters of Pemuteran Village which are likely to be the effects of aquaculture activities in these of three locations. This study concludes that the fluctuation pattern of bacterial population in the coastal waters of Gerokgak District, Bali is primarily influenced by the season and activities of the fish farming. The high population of Vibrio spp. in the coastal waters could lead to a fish disease oubreak related to the pathogenic bacterium.
Uji konsentrasi hambat terendah Minirnal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) 3 jenis antibiotik, Kloramfenikol (CP), Oksitetrasiklin (OTC), dan Furazolidon (FZ) terhadap ? bakteri Vibrio yang diisolasi dari larva sakit yang berasal dari panti benih penelitian di Gondol dan panti benih komersial di Bali dan Jawa Timur, telah dilakukan di laboratorium penyakit loka Penelitian Perikanan Pantai di Gondol.
Vibrio hctru,yd merupakan ancaman serius pada usaha perbenihan udang windu (Penaeus monodon.) vang menyebabkan kematian massal larva. Cara umum untuk pengendalian penyakit ini biasanya dengan penggunaan bahan kimia maupun antibiotik tetapi kurang efektif karena tingkat keberhasilanya masih sangat rendah.
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