The success of animal husbandry is supported by good animal and environmental health management practices. This study examined the correlation between the sheep farmer’s characteristics and the animal and environmental health management practices. The data collected by direct interviews with 48 respondents in Batur Village, Banjarnegara. Indonesia. The aspects of animal (exercise, grooming, wool shearing, supplement feeding, and water drinking) and environmental (sheepfold sanitation, waste processing, and waste removal) health management practices were divided into three categories, namely low, medium, and high levels. The results showed that 83.3% of respondents were in the low-level following by medium (14.6%) and high (2.1%) levels of animal health management. Furthermore, on the environmental health management shows, 27.1% of respondents were in the low level, 60.4% in the medium level, and 12.5% in the high level. There was a significant relationship between farmers’ characteristics (informal education, livestock farming experience, and the number of sheep) and animal health management practice. A significant relationship was also shown between formal education, livestock purpose, livestock experience, and number of sheep by farmers toward environmental health management practice. It may conclude that the low and medium levels of animal and environmental health management practices were dominant in Batur Village.
Abstract. Wibowo DS, Ibrahim A, Widayanti R, Nurcahyo W, Wahyu M, Michaux J, Wijayanto H. 2021. The differences of body measurements in captive Sumatran elephant on different captivity management and sex. Biodiversitas 22: 2619-2624. Sumatran elephants are one of wild animals in Indonesia that currently received critically endangered status. This study aimed to measure the body size of both sexes of Sumatran elephants in the semi-captive (ECCs) and full captive (Zoo) management for conservation purposes. This study was conducted in ECCs in Sumatran island and Zoo on Java island. Body measurements (Chest Girth, Length, Height, Tarsal and Carpal Circumference) were collected from a total of 49 samples of captive Sumatran elephants (25 from EECs and 24 from Zoo). Data were analyzed using a completely randomized factorial design with different management and sex as the factors. The results showed that BL (304.92 vs 311.13) and TC (76.44 vs 77.50) were significantly different (P<0.05) across captivity managements. Sex categories (male and female) showed significant results (P<0.01) on CG (321.71 vs 302.46), BL (303.50 vs 272.49), BH (230.14 vs 208.23) and TC (82.29 vs 74.83). No interaction was identified between captive management and sex on body measurements. In conclusion, there were significant differences in body size of male and female elephants. This result contributed well-researched information to evaluate the conservation management based on body size and for further research on Sumatran elephant conservation.
Abstract. Wibowo DS, Widiyanti R, Asvan M, Restanti PD, Wijayanto H. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular study on mt-DNA COX2 gene of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 1063-1068. Sumatran elephant is the only subspecies of Asian elephants that receives a critically endangered status from the International Union for Conservation and Nature Resources (IUCN). Identifying the genetic marker of Sumatran elephants is, therefore, important for their conservation. This study aimed to identify the Sumatran elephant based on specific mitochondrial DNA markers of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) gene. It is an exploratory research considering the limited data and research about the genetic, especially the COX2 of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Forward and reverse sequencing of PCR products was conducted using the primary COX2 from Sumatran elephant samples. The results of the subsequent gene sequencing were aligned with the sequences of other Asian elephants from Genbank using Clustal W software and analyzed using the MEGA program version 6.06. The analysis of genetic distance based on COX2 constituent nucleotides calculated with Kimura’s two-parameter method showed that the genetic distance between Elephas maximus sumatranus and Elephas maximus outside of Sumatra was 0.25%. The phylogenetic trees analyzed using the maximum-likelihood based on nucleotide sequences showed a high homogeneity. The ratio of Elephas maximus sumatranus with Elephas maximus shows levels of nucleotide mutations which are nine nucleotides and four nucleotides. These results indicated that the COX2 gene could not identify the individual species of Sumatran elephant because of the high intraspecies homogeneity, but it detected the interspecies divergence clustered in Asian elephant clade.
Anjing jantan ras dachsund (Teckel) berwarna hitam, berusia 4 tahun dengan bobot badan 7,5 kg dibawa pemiliknya datang ke klinik hewan dengan keluhan muntah berulang. Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkan polisitemia, leukositosis dan jumlah granulosit yang tinggi. Hasil uji biokimia darah menunjukkan peningkatan pada aktivitas SGPT/ALT, GAMA-GT, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, rasio ALB/GLOB dan rasio BUN/CRE. Hasil radiografi menunjukkan adanya bentukan membulat radiolucent didekat organ hati. Diagnosa kasus klinis pada anjing ini yaitu extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction dan terapi simptomatik dilakukan dengan memberikan gastroprotektan, antiemetik, serta obat-obatan untuk membantu memperbaiki fungsi hati. Pengobatan dilakukan selama 2 minggu dan menunjukan perbaikan pada organ hati berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan biokimia darah, diikuti dengan tidak ada dilatasi kantung empedu pada radiogram.
Abstract. Wijayanto H, Wibowo DS, Widayanti R, Pangestiningsih TW, Wendo WD, Asvan M, Gunawan AS, Wirabrata M. 2021. Short Communication: The correlation between foot circumference with the body length, shoulder height, and pelvic width in Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 2635-2640. Sumatran elephants' body measurement is essential in conservation practices to perceive health status and determining medication doses. Considering elephants' size, the mahouts doing the recording can easily get harmed during their interaction with their animal. Therefore, easier method to shortening interaction time is urgently needed in estimating elephants' size. The aim of the research is to find out the correlations between forefoot and hindfoot circumference (FFC and HFC) with the body length (BL), shoulder height (SH), and pelvic width (PW) in Sumatran elephants. The correlation formula will very much reduce the time needed to measure the elephant size, since the mahouts only need to measure the foot circumference left by the elephant on the ground to predict BL, SH, and PW. The anatomical data were collected from adult elephants in Aceh, Safari Park Indonesia, Gembira Loka Zoo, Borobudur Park, and PLG Duri Pekanbaru. Measurements were done using modified Vernier calipers and roll meters, referring to standardized methods. The data then calculated using correlation and linear-regression test. From the results, we found that the FFC has very strong correlation with SH (R=0.809) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.769) and PW(R=0.73). Results from the HFC show very strong correlation with PW (R=0.826) and strong correlations with BL (R=0.775) and SH (R=0.747). In the conclusion, the foot circumference is very useful to predict the elephant's size and can much reduce the mahouts' risk by minimizing interaction time needed in elephant’s body measurement. For the field researcher, they are not necessary to meet with the elephants to predict the elephant’s size in the wild.
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