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Background and Aim: Java Island is one of the islands in Indonesia which has local sheep breeds with specific characteristics and native development geography in certain regions. This study aimed to determine the genetic profiles and maternal origin of six local sheep breeds on Java Island. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by identifying the profiles of complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement loop (D-loop) region sequences on a total of 22 individual in six local sheep breeds on Java Island, including Javanese thin-tailed (JTT), Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT), Batur (BTR), Wonosobo (WSB), Garut (GRT), and Priangan (PRG) sheep. The D-loop region was amplified using specific primers, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: The mtDNA D-loop analysis identified 21 haplotypes in the analyzed 22 animals with 123 polymorphic sites (V) consisting of 60 singleton variable sites (S) and 63 parsimony informative sites (P). Within all breeds tested, the haplotype diversity, the average number of pairwise differences (K), and nucleotide diversity (Pi) were 0.99567, 25.36364, and 0.02153, respectively. The genetic distance (D) within groups and between groups was 0.001-0.006 and 0.004-0.036, respectively. The phylogeny resulted in the presence of two haplogroups (Hap), which are 5 Hap A and 16 Hap B. All JTT, JFT, BTR, and WSB breeds were in the same cluster in Hap B, whereas GRT and PRG breeds were in clusters in both Hap A and Hap B. Conclusion: The high genetic diversity in six local sheep breeds on Java Island suggests that they originated from different genetic sources. JTT sheep have closer genetic relationships to JFT, BTR, and WSB sheep, and they are close to European sheep, whereas GRT sheep have closer genetic relationships to PRG sheep. Both are closer to Asian sheep than to European sheep.

This research aims to determine Bali cows’ reproductive management and performances, kept by smallholder farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems in South Konawe Regency. A total of 55 farmers and 110 Bali cows was interviewed and observed. The data was captured consists of farmers’ characteristics, reproductive management, and reproductive performances. An independent sample t-test analyzed the data. The farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems could detect the estrus well (69.57 and 59.09%) and mated by artificial insemination (AI) (70.83 and 86.11%). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) related to the first estrus age (1.98±0.82 vs. 1.92±0.18 years), the first mating age (2.84±0.23 vs. 2.77±0.34 years), service per conception with natural mating and AI (1.00±0.00 vs. 1.20±0.42 and 1.70±0.76 vs. 1.44±0.57 times). There were no significant differences in the first calving age, gestation length, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, weaning age, calving interval, and cow reproduction index. The pre-weaning mortality and calf crops were 6.25 and 9.68%; 76.79 and 71,70%. To conclude our findings, the farmers in South Konawe Regency carry out reproductive management well. Bali cows’ reproductive performance with an intensive system is better than the semi-intensive system based on the calf crop.

Abstract. Ibrahim A, Artama WT, Budisatria IGS, Yuniawan R, Atmoko BA, Widayanti R. 2021. Regression model analysis for prediction of body weight from body measurements in female Batur sheep of Banjarnegara District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2723-2730. Bodyweight is an important aspect of livestock management. The present study was undertaken to estimate correlation coefficients between biometric traits and identify best predictor of body weight in female Batur sheep from body measurements. Data on body weight and body measurements (body length: BL, chest girth: CG and withers height: WH) were collected from 73 female Batur sheep in Batur Village, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Batur sheep were grouped into 3 categories based on their age, namely groups <1.5 years, 1.5-2.5 years and >2.5 years. The data were analyzed using simple, multiple, and automatic linear regression methods using the SPSS computer software version 25 platform. The correlation coefficient, coefficient determination, adjusted coefficient determination, residual standard error, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and Akaike information criterion corrected were used to determine the best regression formula for the prediction of BW. The average BW (kg), BL (cm), CG (cm), and WH (cm) of 49.27, 63.11, 91.41, and 56.82, respectively was observed in the present study. The correlation coefficients of 0.433, 0.866, and 0.369 for BW with BL, CG, and WH were observed in the present study. The best prediction of BW using two predictors (BL and GC) was BW =-56.522 + 0.509BL + 0.843CG, followed by using three predictors (BL, CG, and WH) was BW =-57.897+ 0.505BL + 0.839CG + 0.034WH, and using the only one predictor (CG) was BW =-28.443 + 0.905CG. The study revealed that CG and its combination with other linear body measurements can effectively define the body weight in Batur sheep. However, the highest R2 of 0.782 was observed when CG and BL were used as predictors.

Sheep play an important role for Indonesian people, especially during Eid al-Adha celebration. There are several criteria in the selection of sheep as sacrificial animals. This study was aimed to observe consumer’s preferences for sheep attributes for Eid al-Adha celebration based on information gathered from roadside sheep traders. This study was conducted by using an in-depth interview and preferences ranking to 36 roadside sheep traders in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that the preferences for sheep criteria were body characteristics, body weight, body posture, age breed and other desirable criteria such as symmetrical testes, medium tail, intact earlobe and healthy hooves. Body characteristics favoured by consumers were horns, large body size, black ring eye pattern, teeth incisions, dense and nice hair, and white colour pattern of the body, respectively. It is concluded that the preferences for sheep attribute most demanded by consumers for Eid al-Adha celebration in Yogyakarta are body characteristics, wherein horned sheep are frequently requested criteria. Sheep price for Eid al-Adha is determined by religious and cultural criteria.

Eid al-Adha is one of the important religious festivals for Muslims in the world. Sheep traders can be divided into primary traders and opportunist traders based on trade activity in this period. This study aims to investigate the preferences of sheep traders on marketing place and their satisfaction during Eid al-Adha period in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In-depth and semi-structured interviews with 59 sheep traders were conducted on Juli 15 – August 25, 2018. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis (score, index and rank). The results indicate that the most livestock purchased from the animal market, followed from farmers for primary traders and livestock traders for opportunist traders. Livestock most widely sold to individual consumers who come to their stalls, and then sold to animal market by primary traders and to organization/groups by opportunist traders. Most primary traders (64.10%) state to sell their sheep with different prices for different types of buyers, while the majority of opportunist traders (65.00%) thought no different. The average price different is IDR 286,364 according to primary traders and IDR 150,000 according to opportunist traders. Most of the primary traders (69.23%) and opportunist traders (90.00%) was pleased with the momentum of Eid al-Adha, as the selling price of their livestock could be higher, easy to sell, and any buyer. The conclusion is that both primary and opportunist traders in Yogyakarta have similar preferences in marketing place to buy and sell their livestock during Eid al-Adha period. Eid al-Adha period provides pleasure and an additional benefit for sheep traders.

Background and Aim:Eid al-Adha is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Muslims in Indonesia. Roadside livestock traders open their stalls during the Eid al-Adha period. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and behaviors of roadside livestock traders in urban and peri-urban areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Materials and Methods:In-depth interviews with 36 roadside livestock traders were conducted on August 7-23, 2018 in urban (n=20) and peri-urban (n=16) areas of Yogyakarta. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance.Results:The results indicate that the trading activities of roadside livestock traders in urban areas last longer (p<0.05) than in peri-urban areas. No difference was found in the opening day of stalls, the number of buyers, and trends in animal prices set by roadside livestock traders in urban and peri-urban areas. Most traders sell sheep and goats, buy livestock at the animal market, and only open their stalls during Eid al-Adha. Prices are high in this period, and buyers directly visit the stalls. A significant difference exists in the selling price of livestock between Eid al-Adha and ordinary days (non-festival), and most roadside traders benefit from the Eid al-Adha momentum.Conclusion:Significant similarities exist among roadside livestock traders during the Eid al-Adha period in urban and peri-urban areas of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sheep are more desirable than goats and cattle in this period, and Eid al-Adha generates a high profit for roadside livestock traders.

Background: Batur and Wonosobo sheep are two Indonesian indigenous sheep breeds from Central Java Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe and discriminate the morphostructure of Batur sheep and Wonosobo sheep with body measurements and body indices. Methods: Fourteen body measurements and nine body indices were measured from 37 Batur and 83 Wonosobo sheep. Two statistical methods of factor and discriminant analyses were computed with SPSS 25.0 program to describe the sheep’s morphostructure and characterization. Result: The factor analysis in body measurements was obtained three principal components (PCs) that explain about 76.58% (Wonosobo sheep) and 73.51% (Batur sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. Meanwhile, the factor analysis in body indices was obtained on three PCs that explain about 79.16% (Batur sheep) and 95.57% (Wonosobo sheep) of the total variance in animals’ morphostructure. About 95.2% of Wonosobo sheep and 92.7% of Batur sheep can be classified with body measurements (RW, SW, EL, EW, RH and TL). Meanwhile, about 75.7% of Batur sheep and 80.7% of Wonosobo sheep can be classified with body indices (TI and CI). In conclusion, Batur and Wonosobo sheep can be accurately characterized by their body measurements.