Results with conventional CPAP titration and endoscopy-assisted CPAP titration showed no statistically significant difference. Endoscopy-assisted CPAP is a cheaper and less time consuming alternative to conventional CPAP and has similar results.

IMPORTANCE Postoperative pain at the donor site is a common morbidity following autologous costal cartilage grafting. OBJECTIVE To evaluate postoperative pain at the donor site after the use of a muscle-sparing costal cartilage harvesting technique compared with a muscle-cutting technique using electrocautery.

Conclusion This study found a negative effect of IDA on olfactory function. IDA leads to a reduction in olfactory function, and decreases in hemoglobin levels result in further reduction in olfactory function. Objective This study examined the effects of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on olfactory function. Method The study enrolled 50 IDA patients and 50 healthy subjects. Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test. The diagnosis of IDA was made according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results Patients with IDA had a significantly lower threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) value, and a lower threshold compared with the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of smell selectivity values.

Subcutaneous immunotherapy is an effective treatment for house dust mite induced allergic rhinitis.

This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

According to the findings of our study, MF is superior to montelukast in improving olfactory function. Although montelukast has been shown to be effective against AR symptoms, its effect on olfactory function was not demonstrated in this study.

Olfactory dysfunction and migraine has been associated for a long time. In this study, we planned to compare olfactory functions in patients with migraine and osmophobia with patients having migraine but no osmophobia, in addition with a normal control group using "Sniffin' Sticks" test. The main distinction of this study is that all qualitative and quantitative properties of olfactory functions; threshold, discrimination and identification, are evaluated separately and jointly. Thirty healthy person aged between 16 and 56 (18 women, 12 men) and 60 migraine patients aged between 15 and 54 (39 women, 21 man) were included in the study. All patients have been inquired about osmophobia and have been assessed with Hedonic tone assessment. Osmophobia has been tested for perfume, cigarette smoke, leather, stale food, soy sauce, fish, spices and coffee smells. Olfactory functions has been assessed with "Sniffin' Sticks" smell test. Thresholds, discrimination and identification have been determined for each patient. In migraine patients with osmophobia, threshold was 7.75 ± 2.3, in migraine patients without osmophobia threshold was 8.25 ± 1.5 and threshold was 10.75 ± 1.3 for the control group. Discrimination score was 6 ± 1.2 in migraine patients with osmophobia, 9 ± 0.8 in patients without osmophobia and was 12 ± 1.4 in the control group. In migraine patient with or without osmophobia Threshold/Discrimination/Identification (TDI) scores were lower than the control group. The most important parameter in our study is that discrimination scores were especially lower in patients with osmophobia. We believe that this decrease in discrimination in migraine patients with osmophobia; who claim that they smell everything and they are sensitive to all smells, is significant. Further studies about smell discrimination will help better understand some conditions; especially anosmia and hyposmia after upper respiratory tract infections and parosmia.

Snoring is caused by the vibration of structures of the oral cavity, such as the soft palate, uvula, tonsils, base of the tongue, epiglottis, and lateral pharyngeal walls. When these structures collapse and obstruct the airway, apnea occurs. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by repeated periods of upper airway obstruction, a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation, and interrupted sleep. The prevalence of OSAS is 1% to 5% in men and 1.2% to 2.5% in women. Crucial factors in deciding the surgical approach include a detailed ear-nose-throat examination, Muller maneuver, sleep endoscopy, and apnea hypopnea index scores. Accepted treatments include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), surgeries of the base of the tongue and/or palate, and multi-level surgeries. It, however, is important to continue to evaluate the efficacies of such procedures. The authors evaluated the outcomes of 23 patients who underwent surgery for OSAS, using preoperative and postoperative polysomnography (PSG) and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). The results were compared before and after surgery. In all, 14 patients had lateral pharyngoplasty and 9 had uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). The PSG and Epworth scale values were significantly lower in both groups, postoperatively. Patients indicated that their quality of life had improved. In conclusion, the surgeries were successful. In line with the literature, our results indicate that lateral pharyngoplasty and UPPP can be used in appropriate patients. Longer-term studies on more patients will provide more detailed information in the future.