Does iron deficiency anemia affect olfactory function?

Dinç, Mehmet Emre; Dalğıç, Abdullah; Ulusoy, Seçkin; Dizdar, Denizhan; Develioğlu, Ömer Necati; Topak, Murat

doi:10.3109/00016489.2016.1146410

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Consistent with previous reports, [1][2][3][4][5] we found that the median FVIII level in carriers (0.68 U/mL; range 0.19-2.00 U/mL) was significantly lower than in non-carriers (1.28 U/mL; range 0.49-2.30 U/ml) (P < .001) ( Table 1). Yet, 77% (158/206) of tested carriers had FVIII levels 0.5 U/mL.…”

Section: Desiderosmia (Olfactory Craving): a Novel Symptom Associatedsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Desiderosmia (olfactory craving): A novel symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia

et al. 2017

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Section: Desiderosmia (Olfactory Craving): a Novel Symptom Associatedsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…4 Another study compared the olfactory function of IDA patients with healthy subjects and found a heightened sensitivity (lower threshold) in detecting odorant among patients with IDA. 5 These reports support an association between the physiological changes in olfaction and iron store.…”

Section: Desiderosmia (Olfactory Craving): a Novel Symptom Associatedmentioning

confidence: 67%

Desiderosmia (olfactory craving): A novel symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia

et al. 2017

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“…Systemic diseases, such as diabetes, iron deficiency, and autoimmune diseases, might cause central and peripheral olfactory dysfunction and disrupt the peripheral olfactory pathways [24, 25]. The olfactory deficit represents a preclinical marker of alpha-synucleinopathies and a risk factor for delirium [2, 26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction, Frailty, and Mortality Is Mediated by Inflammation: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

Laudisio

Navarini

Margiotta

et al. 2019

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Olfactory dysfunction might unveil the association between ageing and frailty, as it is associated with declining cognitive function, depression, reduced physical performance, reduced dietary intake, and mortality; all these conditions are characterized by increased levels of inflammatory parameters. The present study is aimed at evaluating the association between olfactory dysfunction, frailty, and mortality and whether such association might be mediated by inflammation. Methods. We analysed data of 1035 participants aged 65+ enrolled in the “InCHIANTI” study. Olfactory function was tested by the recognition of the smells of coffee, mint, and air. Olfactory dysfunction was defined as lack of recognition of at least two smells. Considering the items “shrinking,” “exhaustion,” “sedentariness,” “slowness,” and “weakness” included in the Fried definition, frailty was defined as the presence of at least three criteria, prefrailty of one or two, and robustness of none. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in duplicate by high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Logistic regression was adopted to assess the association of frailty with olfactory function, as well as with the increasing number of olfactory deficits. Cox regression was used to test the association between olfactory dysfunction and 9-year survival. Results. Olfactory dysfunction was associated with frailty, after adjusting (OR 1.94, 95% CI=1.07-3.51; P=.028); analysis of the interaction term indicated that the association varied according to interleukin-6 levels (P for interaction=.005). Increasing levels of olfactory dysfunction were associated with increasing probability of being frail. Also, olfactory dysfunction was associated with reduced survival (HR 1.52, 95% CI=1.16-1.98; P=.002); this association varied according to the presence of frailty (P for interaction=.017) and prefrailty status (P for interaction=.046), as well as increased interleukin-6 levels (P for interaction = .011). Conclusions. Impairment of olfactory function might represent a marker of frailty, prefrailty, and consequently reduced survival in an advanced age. Inflammation might represent the possible link between these conditions.

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“…Ferroptosis is programmed cell death by iron and lipid dependent peroxidation [ 120 ]. It has been linked to ageusia and anosmia which are common early manifestations of COVID-19 illness [ 121 , 122 , 123 ]. Lipid peroxidation is carried by iron dependent lipoxygenases (LOXs).…”

Section: The Role Of Gsh In Ferroptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are due in large part to severe cytokine storm and hypercoagulable state brought on by dysregulated host-inflammatory immune response, ultimately leading to multi-organ failure. Exacerbated oxidative stress caused by increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) along with decreased levels of interferon α and interferon β (IFN-α, IFN-β) are mainly believed to drive the disease process. Based on the evidence attesting to the ability of glutathione (GSH) to inhibit viral replication and decrease levels of IL-6 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) patients, as well as beneficial effects of GSH on other pulmonary diseases processes, we believe the use of liposomal GSH could be beneficial in COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the epidemiology, transmission, and clinical presentation of COVID-19 with a focus on its pathogenesis and the possible use of liposomal GSH as an adjunctive treatment to the current treatment modalities in COVID-19 patients.

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Does iron deficiency anemia affect olfactory function?

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Desiderosmia (olfactory craving): A novel symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia

Desiderosmia (olfactory craving): A novel symptom associated with iron deficiency anemia

The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction, Frailty, and Mortality Is Mediated by Inflammation: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

Glutathione Supplementation as an Adjunctive Therapy in COVID-19

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