Application of Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test to healthy Turkish volunteers, obtain normative data set and analyse the role of age, sex and smoking on olfactory scores. The present study was conducted at Bezmialem Vakif University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Total of 426 healthy volunteers were subjected to CCCRC olfactory test which consists of n-butanol smell threshold test and smell identification test. Olfactory function score was assessed (0: worst score; 7: best score) and mean scores were calculated. Mean age was (36.7 ± 11.1; range, 17-68). 46.2 % of the subjects were male and 53.8 % were female; 37.1 % were smokers and 62.9 % were non-smokers. Mean n-butanol threshold score was 6.36 out of 7, mean identification score was 6.34 and mean total score was 6.35. According to CCCRC score: there were no anosmic individuals, 0.5 % were severely hyposmic, 2.6 % were moderately hyposmic,15.3 % were mildly hyposmic and 81.6 % were normosmic. CCCRC olfactory test is cost-effective, simple and practical. It can be easily applied in clinical settings. The CCCRC olfactory test is appropriate for assessment of olfactory function: Turkish population is familiar in terms of the odors used in CCCRC test. The power of this study is that it provides a normative data set against which many factors can be compared.

This study by the authors shows that a modified composite-flap facelift with FAME technique is a safe procedure that allows adequate and effective repositioning of an en-bloc composite flap that produces balanced and harmonious rejuvenation of the midface and lower face without the need of a separate midface lift.

BACKGROUND Edema persists for months after rhinoplasty. Numerous modalities have been described to counteract postoperative edema. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of postrhinoplasty taping (PRT) on nasal edema and nasal draping. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this randomized clinical trial, 57 patients undergoing rhinoplasty at a tertiary reference center from August 1, 2014, to January 31, 2015, were assigned to a control group or to 2-or 4-week PRT groups. Baseline nasal thickness was measured with ultrasonography at the nasion, rhinion, supratip, and tip, and mean nasal skin thickness (MNST) was calculated. Participants in each group were categorized by the baseline MNST measurement from the lowest to greatest MNST; those in the upper half were categorized as having thick skin; those in the lower half, thin skin. The control group underwent no PRT after the removal of external packing. Patients in the 2-and 4-week PRT groups

Patients with septal deviation types 2, 4, and 6 benefited most from septal surgery. These deviation types yielded higher levels of postoperative amelioration and patient satisfaction in terms of quality of life.

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .