Out on the next frontier of nutritional research will be the complete biochemical and physiological characterization of plant-derived foods that prevent or delay the development of chronic diseases in humans and animals. The chemical composition of many major crop products (seeds, flour, oil, leaves, etc.) have been determined, but the slow process of evaluating each compound alone or in mixtures for the biological function in nutrition and health of the animals that consume them has only just begun. Camelina, or false flax ( Camelina sativa L. Crantz), is an emerging oil seed crop in North America mostly used as a biodiesel fuel. The seeds contain up to 45 % oil, which is rich in polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as well as fat-soluble antioxidants such as the vitamin E-active tocopherols. Extraction of oil from camelina seeds by mechanical expeller yields a seed meal that consists of approximately 10 % residual oil, 45 % crude protein, 10 % soluble sugars, 13 % fiber, 5 % minerals, and 10 % phytochemical constituents such as glucosinolates, flavonols, lignans, phenolic acids as well as nucleic acids. The seed meal also contains a hydrophilic gum. While the oil fraction has been well characterized and its uses are growing, the seed meal has yet to be fully characterized for its potential use Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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The main objectives of our study were to measure the major adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin in goat milk, to assess their interrelationships and to assess their relationships with the plasma and serum concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, total lipids, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), milk somatic cell count (SCC), milk total aerobic colony and lactobacillus count, and milk components in lactating Saanen goats. The study was performed on eighteen lactating Saanen goats. Milk and blood samples were collected on days 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 of lactation postpartum. The milk and plasma adiponectin levels on days 50, 65 and 80 postpartum were significantly higher than those on day 20. The milk and plasma leptin levels were lower on day 20 than on days 35, 50, 65 and 80. The milk concentrations of these major adipokines were positively intercorrelated. The milk and plasma concentrations of these three adipokines were also positively correlated. The plasma CRP concentrations correlated positively with milk leptin and resistin concentrations and inversely with milk adiponectin concentration. Milk adiponectin concentration was inversely related with its SCC. These data confirm that adiponectin, leptin and resistin are present in goat milk. The milk concentrations of these three adipokines were interrelated and interacted with the general inflammatory marker, CRP. The inverse relationship between milk adiponectin concentrations and its SCC suggests that variations in milk adiponectin might be involved in the udder health of lactating goats, but clinical trials are needed to support this hypothesis.

Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlara ait kan örneklerinde bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma, Manisa ili ilçelerinde yetiştirilen 5 farklı çiftlikten oluşan, 1-6 yaş aralığında, klinik olarak sağlıklı, 30 adet Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlarında yapıldı. Bu hayvanlara ait plazma ve serum örneklerinde, total kolesterol, total protein, trigliserit, fosfolipit, kalsiyum, inorganik fosfor ve glikoz, ticari spektrofotometrik kitler kullanılarak spektrofotometre yardımıyla belirlendi. Kıvırcık ırkı koyunlar arasında çiftliklere göre istatistiksel farkın anlamlı olmadığı saptandı (p<0.05). Bu araştırma bu ırk ile yapılacak olan diğer çalışmalar için temel teşkil edecek niteliktedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıvırcık, biyokimyasal değerler, koyun. Some Serum Biochemistry Values Related to Kıvırcık Ewes in Manisa Province* Abstract: The present study aimed to determine by measuring the levels of several biochemical variables in Kıvırcık ewes. This study was carried out on 30 Kıvırcık ewes, 1-6 year old, which were all clinically healty in five different farms from the Manisa province. Total cholesterol, total protein, triglyceride, phospholipids, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and glucose were measured using commercial spectrophotometric kits by spectrophotometer. It's determined that there wasn't diffrence between Kıvırcık ewes statistically (p>0.05). The purpose of this study will be beneficial for other studies in this race.

Obestatin is described as an anorexigenic peptide, and has adverse effects of ghrelin. It has no inhibitory effects on acute/chronic food intake, and it has been reported by several researchers. The role of obestatin in metabolism is still not clear. In the present study, the purpose is to determine the effects of chronically administrated obestatin. For this purpose, (1 µmol/kg; i.p.) or ghrelin (1 µmol/kg; i.p.) and food restriction (24h fast:24h fed) on plasma obestatin, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucose levels, and body weight gain were investigated for 14 days in mice. Additionally, mice were treated with acute ip (100 nmol/kg) injections of obestatin or ghrelin to investigate the food consumptions, plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels to determine unknown acute effects of obestatin. Plasma ghrelin levels increased significantly in obestatin administered mice when compared with the control group for chronic treatment. This increase is consistent with immunohistochemical findings which claim that the number of ghrelin and obestatin immunopositive cells in fundus tissue of stomach are considerably high in obestatin treated animals. Plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels has shown an increase endogenously in food restricted mice, but plasma leptin and insulin levels have been found to be lower compared to the control group. Acute administration of obestatin caused a decrease in plasma obestatin level at 60 min after injection and had no effect on the reduction of food intake in each treatment time. These results imply that obestatin may not itself be involved in the metabolism regulation; however, obestatin accompanied by ghrelin may play a role in the long-term regulation of metabolism.