The concentrations of adipokines in goat milk: relation to plasma levels, inflammatory status, milk quality and composition

Abstract

The main objectives of our study were to measure the major adipokines adiponectin, leptin and resistin in goat milk, to assess their interrelationships and to assess their relationships with the plasma and serum concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, total lipids, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), milk somatic cell count (SCC), milk total aerobic colony and lactobacillus count, and milk components in lactating Saanen goats. The study was performed on eighteen lactating Saanen goats. Milk and blood samples were collected on days 20, 35, 50, 65 and 80 of lactation postpartum. The milk and plasma adiponectin levels on days 50, 65 and 80 postpartum were significantly higher than those on day 20. The milk and plasma leptin levels were lower on day 20 than on days 35, 50, 65 and 80. The milk concentrations of these major adipokines were positively intercorrelated. The milk and plasma concentrations of these three adipokines were also positively correlated. The plasma CRP concentrations correlated positively with milk leptin and resistin concentrations and inversely with milk adiponectin concentration. Milk adiponectin concentration was inversely related with its SCC. These data confirm that adiponectin, leptin and resistin are present in goat milk. The milk concentrations of these three adipokines were interrelated and interacted with the general inflammatory marker, CRP. The inverse relationship between milk adiponectin concentrations and its SCC suggests that variations in milk adiponectin might be involved in the udder health of lactating goats, but clinical trials are needed to support this hypothesis.

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Adipokines affect mammary growth and function in farm animals1,2

“…The putative role of milk adiponectin remains to be determined. However, the inverse correlation between somatic cell count and adiponectin concentrations in goat milk suggests a role for adiponectin in udder health (Guzel et al, 2017). The observation that adiponectin-deficient mice have reduced intestinal epithelial cell differentiation (Saxena et al, 2013) and the presence of adiponectin receptors in the intestine of human (Yoneda et al, 2008) and mouse embryos (Zhou et al, 2005) further suggest a role for adiponectin in neonatal intestinal maturation.…”

“…Some adipokines known to be important regulators of energy metabolism, food intake, and insulin sensitivity were found in human milk (Çatlı et al, 2014). Among these, apelin, ghrelin, and resistin were detected in the colostrum and milk of farm animals (Rosi and Rapetti, 2004;Mesmin et al, 2011;Woliński et al, 2014;Guzel et al, 2017), but their potential role in neonatal growth and health has never been investigated. In a recent paper, Suzuki et al (2015) reported that chemerin transcripts were not detected in MAC-T cells and weak transcript levels were observed in the bovine mammary gland, probably due to the presence of embedded adipocytes.…”

Sobrepeso e obesidade, comportamento alimentar e biomarcadores salivares do apetite na primeira infância

“…A leptina é o hormônio associado com a regulação da saciedade, da taxa metabólica basal, massa corporal e gasto energético (Guzel et al, 2017), sintetizada principalmente no tecido adiposo. Dessa maneira, pode-se observar que os níveis aumentam de forma proporcional ao aumento de massa gorda; sendo assim, em pessoas obesas, podemos observar um nível elevado de leptina (Mehrdad et al, 2020).…”