This study is carried out in a view to evaluate hypoglycaemic activity of stem bark extracts of Annona reticulata L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administrations of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of the plant stem bark up to 2000mg/kg body weight did not show any signs of toxicity and mortality in this study. In Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, administration of glucose (2.5g/k g,) produced significant change in blood glucose level of normal mice. Treatment with A. reticulata ethanolic extract (200 and 400mg/kg) and standard drug glibenclamide (10mg/kg.) significantly reduced serum glucose level in normal fasting, at 0min, 30min, 60min and 120min compared to normal c ontrol group. Ethanolic extract of the plant showed more significant blood glucose lowering activity at 400mg/kg dose level. But Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the plant did not show significant decrease in the blood glucose levels. So, in this study 400mg/kg o f ethanolic extract of A. reticulata was selected for the evaluation of anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of ethanolic plant extract of A. reticulata stem bark at 400mg/kg/day and standard drug Glibencamide for 15 consecutive days to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats significantly reversed decreased body weight, increased water consumption and increased fasting plasma glucose level in comparision to diabetic control animals. Phytochemical analysis of the plant sample showed the presence of different chemical compounds like alkaloids, flavanoides, Phenolic glycosides and lignans.
In Si nanowire (SiNW) solar cells enhanced light confinement property in addition to decoupling of charge carrier collection and light absorption directions plays a significant role to resolve the draw backs of bulk Si solar cells. In this report we have studied the dependence of the phovoltaic properties of Si NW array solar cells on the SiNW length and enhanced surface defect states as a result of enhanced surface area of the NWs. The SiNW arrays have been fabricated using metal catalyzed electroless etching (MCEE) technique. p-n junction has been produced by spin-on-dopant technique followed by thermal diffusion process. Front and rear electrodes have been deposited by e-beam evaporation techniques. SiNW lengths have been controlled from ~ 320 nm to 6.4 m by controlling the parameters of MCEE technique. Photovoltaic properties of the solar cells have been characterized by measuring quantum efficiency and photocurrent density vs. voltage characteristics. Morphological studies have been carried out by using scanning electron microscopy. Reduction in light trapping capability comes at the benefit of reduced surface defects. The reduction of surface defects has been proved to be more advantageous in comparison to the decrement of light trapping capability. The major contribution to the changes in cell efficiency comes from the enhancement of short circuit current density with a very weak dependence on open circuit voltage. This work is beneficial for the production commercial Si solar cell where SiNW arrays could be used as a antireflection coating instead of using separate antireflection layers and thus could reduced the production cost.
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