Abstract-This paper examines the language interference in English speaking skill. The interference was influenced by the mother tongue of the learners. Therefore, this study explains the forms of language interference in the students' speaking skill and the factors affecting the language interference. In addition, the study attempts to use case study with descriptive qualitative research approach. The data were collected by using the questionnaire and recording technique. The data, then, were analyzed based on the students 'sound production. Subsequently, The data were formulated on the table illustrating the spread of the students' interference. In identifying the students' sounds, three classifications of the English pronunciation were applied. The result shows that most of the students made error in their pronunciation, 2% of consonants and 3% of vowel. The student's sound production did many mistakes in their pronunciation started from consonants to vowel sound. The mistakes in consonant sounds caused by the mother tongue were highly interfered. The pronunciation in manner of articulation occurred in consonants such as plosive and nasal sounds. Moreover, for the place of articulation, the errors appeared on dental and palate-alveolar. The factors influencing the mother tongue interference in the students' pronunciation are the environment, students' motivation, and the language sound system.
This research examines the interpersonal meaning in Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY)’s speech. This is based on the details of speech or writing to define an investigation. The object of this research is the used moods and modality types in interpersonal meaning of SBY’s speech under the title “Toward Harmony among Civilizations” by Dr.Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The aims of this research are (1) to observe the mood and modality types used in SBY’s speech, (2) to observe the dominant mood and modality types in SBY’s speech, (3) to describe the interpersonal meaning in case of mood and modality types in SBY’s speech. The main sources of data in this study are taken from the SBY’s speech at the John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University summit on September 29 th, 2009, in Boston, USA. The data then are classified and collected in tabulation. This paper is based on the discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics approach by Halliday. The writer analyses the speeh by SBY mainly from the interpersonal meaning which focuses on the mood and modality types. The results of this research are (1) there are two mood types in interpersonal meaning of SBY’s speech namely indicative and imperative type, (2) the dominant mood in SBY’s speech is the indicative type which is declarative with the total number of 97 clauses or around 95%, while the dominantly used modality is “can”. In addition, the overall dominant modality type exists in median degree modality with the total percentage 40,6%, and (3) the researcher discovers the different mood and modality that might affect the value of the speech to the audience.
This paper discusses the potential issues in Lampung province of Sumatera, Indonesia where the majority of the people are to earn a livelihood as a coffee farmer. This place has potential benefits to increase land of coffee farms in order to make greater capacity and economic sector by using an environmentally-friendly technology. To date, the utilization of coffee pulps is only by freely spreading to the coffee farms. In doing so, the technological fermentation by using Indigenous bacteria that has role to produce organic fertilizer of coffee pulps helps gain the soil fertility. This study used descriptive data analysis with community practical approach. The results show that the growth of coffee and other intercropping plants like chili is more fertilized, easy to flower, and it lengthens the shoot growth. In addition, the coffee production seems like changing in the amount of quantity that tends to get better. The significant number also showed by the production of chili because the harvest season is longer than usual. Another advantage by using this fermentation is that the use of non-organic fertilizer can be reduced up to level 80 per cent. Likewise, this condition automatically dropped the production cost.
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