Background
Despite a global decline in new HIV/AIDS cases in low-middle countries, cases are increasing in Indonesia. Low knowledge about the disease among the general population is one of the major factors responsible for this trend. Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 (HIV-KQ-18) has been translated into several languages and is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in the general population of Indonesia.
Methods
In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants. At the validation stage, we distributed the instrument link via Google Form to 6 major regions in Indonesia. Validity was measured using known-group validity and construct validity. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a polychoric correlation matrix. Cronbach’s alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency.
Results
Based on the findings in the adaptation phase, additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to 6 items to make them more understandable. In the validation phase, 1,249 participants were recruited. The a priori hypothesis in known-group validity was supported. We also found three items that did not meet the construct validity. Based on the acceleration factor approach to interpret the scree tree in the factor analysis, using only two factors was preferable. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.75 and 0.71 representing good internal reliability.
Conclusion
The HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia.
Kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan suatu proses tidak terlepas dengan sumber belajar. Sumber belajar merupakan segala sesuatu dan dengan mana seseorang mempelajari sesuatu meliputi: pesan, orang, bahan, alat, teknik, dan latar. Sumber belajar dapat diperoleh dimana saja dan kapan saja. Sumber belajar mempunyai peran yang sangat erat dengan pembelajaran yang dilakukan, dan pola-pola yang dilakukan oleh guru (Karwono dan Mularsih, 2012). Sumber belajar nantinya digunakan oleh peserta didik sebagai titik awal dalam membangun pemahaman sebuah tujuan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.Kegiatan belajar nantinya diharapkan akan mampu merubah seseorang dari keadaan tidak tahu menjadi tahu, dari tidak mengerti menjadi mengerti, dan yang lebih penting lagi dari keadaan tidak paham menjadi paham. Kegiatan belajar mengajar memiliki ciri-ciri diantaranya: terjadi perubahan aktual maupun potensial pada diri individu yang belajar, perubahan diperoleh karena usaha dan perjuangan, dan perubahan didapat karena kemampuan baru yang berlangsung relatif lama (Sunaryo, 2002).
Pesisir Barat Regency in Lampung has abundant marine biological wealth that has not been widely known and utilized by the community, one of them is macro algae. The objectives of the research were to identify the types of macro algae and to explains the potential use of macro algae in the Pesisir Barat Lampung Region. The study used cruise method. The findings were identified by experts to validate the results of classification, morphology, and qualitative studies regarding the potential use and benefits of macro algae. From the results of this study, 15 species of macro algae were found on Tanjung Setia Beach included; 3 species of green algae (Chlorophyta) consist of Halimeda opuntia L., Caulerpa racemosa F., Ulva lactuca L .; 7 species of brown algae (Phaeophyta) consist of Padina pavonica L., Padina australis H., Sargassum vulgare C.A., Sargassum polycystum C.A., Turbinaria ornata J.A., Turbinaria ornata J.A., Fucus vesiculosus L.; and 5 species of red algae (Rhodophyta), consist of Corallina officinalis L., Gigartina pistilla S., Gigartina disticha S., Gracilaria verrucosa, H., Rhodymenia pseudopalmat J.V.L.The benefits of this research for society to provide insight into the potential use of macro algae which can be utilized in many fields. For students, provide information on the biodiversity of macro algae in the sea.
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