Maskless photolithograpy is an alternative method of conventional UV photolithograpy for microfabrication since its advantages of time and cost saving. For this reason, a visible-light based maskless photolithograpy is proposed as a part of biomachining process. Modification of the method is done by replacing light source of UV light to visible light, utilizing commercial DLP projector and changing the material removal process that generally uses echant with biomachining process. The process was done by using the profile generated by computer then displayed through a commercial DLP projector shining speciment test. Focusing lens placed under the projector to draw the focal point and reduces the size of the profile. The best parameter was determined by setring exposure time, developing time, variation profiles, focusing, colors combination and optical aspect. Using a commercial projector maskless photolithography on a negative resist tone successfully performed. The best characteristic was obtained by placing the focusing lens 3X magnification within 3 cm below the projector and 14 cm above speciment test, color combination of black-light blue (R = 0, G = 176, B = 240), with the timing of prebake 1 minute, exposure 7 minutes, postbake 5 minutes, developing 5 minutes produces the smallest profile 166 μm with 13,7 μm deviation. Biomachining process with bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NBRC 14262 on copper was also successfully performed with the smallest profile of 180 μm with 26 μm deviation.
Garam merupakan salah satu komoditas yang strategis karena sangat dibutuhkan oleh orang banyak. Peningkatan kebutuhan terhadap garam di Indonesia semakin meningkat berbanding lurus dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan jumlah industri besar pengolahan garam di Indonesia. Terjadinya impor garam karena peningkatan kebutuhan dan kegunaan garam pada industri dan rumah tangga. Salah satu kota/kabupaten yang menjadi sentra penghasil garam kedua setelah Cirebon adalah Kabupaten Indramayu. Kabupaten ini mampu mensuplai kebutuhan garam nasional. Perancangan alat bantu pengerik garam yang diperuntukkan untuk petani garam di Kabupaten Indramayu diharapkan mampu menggantikan alat konvensional yang saat ini sering digunakan digunakan petani garam. Sistem kerja alat ini adalah dengan menggunakan mekanisme roda gigi payung dan lurus sehingga mampu secara axial memutar alat pengerik yang dirancang seperti sikat. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, roda gigi yang dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan alat bantu ini adalah roda gigi dengan modul 2, jumlah roda gigi 20 dengan ketebalan roda gigi adalah 40 mm. Tenaga dan beban yang dikeluarkan oleh petani bisa berkurang hingga 50% dari alat konvensional yang biasa digunakan saat ini. Analisis kekuatan dan safety factor terhadap alat ini telah dilakukan menggunakan FEA (Finite Element Analysis) dengan bantuan software solidworks. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa roda gigi payung yang digunakan cukup kuat untuk mengerik garam untuk kedalaman 50 mm.
Portable vacuum grain conveyor (PVGC) work as transporting grain materials such as grain, wheat, sorghum, corn and its kind using air media. The advantages of this machine are that it can move material quickly, the material does not fall in the transportation process, it can move from the bottom to the top or vice versa, it does not require a feed hopper, and the machine can move places. How the PVGC machine works by utilizing the suction and thrust of a vacuum blower. The seed material is sucked in by the input hose and then into the cyclone to separate the air and seed material. Air from the cyclone enters the vacuum blower through the input hole and is blown into the output line to push the material falling from the cyclone through the rotary airlock. Seed material out through the output hose is directed to the desired place. Performance testing of the PVGC engine includes noise, the air suction speed of the input hose and the thrust speed of the output hose, the engine capacity, and thermal testing. The highest noise test results in the electric vacuum blower motor was 95.5 dBA ±1, the air suction speed at the input hose was 38 m/s ±3, the air thrust speed at the output hose was 44 m/s ±2, the capacity of the PVGC machine could transport IR64 of grain type with weighing 88 kg/minute. The hottest component was in the vacuum blower with a temperature of 52.50C.
This paper offers an alternative method of making PCB routing using a negative dry film photoresist and a maskless photolithography method. The objective of this research is to determine the correct parameters for the process of making PCB design easier, cheaper and safer. Electronic circuit design was created on a laptop or PC using Autodesk EAGLE software with a combination of result is black and blue light color. PCB routing design was inserted into a PowerPoint slide to display on a commercial Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector. No modifications were made to a projector, which was mounted directly on a stand with a downward facing position. The projector lamp replaced an ultraviolet or X-ray source during the exposure process, exposing PCB coated in negative dry film photoresist. After the exposure process, the PCB was inserted into the developer solution, causing the blue light irradiated part to remain while the blackened sections dissolved. The PCB was then added to an etching solution to scrape the copper unprotected by the photoresist. The PCB was finally soaked in a remover solution to remove the photoresist. Once complete, the process generated a laptop-designed PCB routing. Electrical lines can be created using this method with a size of 100 µm and a lane edge deviation of 5 µm. The goal of research to make PCB routing cheaper, easier and safer was achieved. Evidenced by the installation of electronic components and then tested, the results are all components function well.
Sistem penyambungan pipa yang terhubung dengan valve (katup) menggunakan sambungan flange. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan memasang atau melepaskan sambungan pada saat diperlukan. Sistem penyambungan ini meliputi sambungan pipa ke fitting, valve, equipment, atau bagian lainnya yang merupakan bagian terpisah dalam sistem pemipaan. Analisis kekuatan flange pada ball valve 4 inch ANSI 300 bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memastikan bahwa flange memiliki kekuatan dan aman pada saat lepas pasang akibat pengaruh Bolt Torque. Selain itu, untuk memastikan sambungan tidak bocor pada saat dilalui fluida. Kombinasi utama antara tekanan internal, aksial dan pembebanan termal perlu dipertimbangkan. Analisis kekuatan flange menggunakan metode Finite Element Analysis (FEA) dengan bantuan software Solid works. Analisis kekuatan flange menggunakan metode “Flange as weakest part philosophy” yaitu full rating yang dipakai bila nilai pressure-temperature tertentu pada ASME B16.5 yang diambil untuk Tekanan Kerja Maksimum yang diijinkan atau Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) pada sistem perpipaan. Dari hasil analisis FEA, diperoleh bahwa flange pada ball valve 4 inch ANSI 300 memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan MAWP pada temperatur dan tekanan berbeda. Nilai safety factor juga menunjukkan bahwa flange aman pada saat proses kerja pemipaan.
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