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The legal socialization framework emphasizes the importance of adolescents' encounters with police. We examine how different types of police contact and neighborhood experiences are linked to the legal socialization process among adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Drawing on 669 participants across three waves of panel data from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study, results from the multilevel longitudinal model revealed that withinperson increases in vicarious police contact were linked to a decrease in police legitimacy over time. Exploratory analyses using a multilevel mediation model indicated that the observed negative effect of vicarious police contact was mediated by evaluations of police procedural justice. As for the between-person effects, voluntary police contact positively predicted police legitimacy over time. However, the effects of vicarious police contact and violent police contact were mediated by police procedural justice. Additionally, police legitimacy decreased for people who had more exposure to violence and lower levels of fear of crime. The study revealed that the nature of police contact and levels of exposure to violence can have important effects on adolescents' perceptions of police legitimacy, even after accounting for procedural justice.

The purpose of this study is to capture a snapshot of the lives of Brazilian preadolescents and gain a deeper understanding of the variables that influence compliance with parental rules. This analysis draws from the São Paulo Legal Socialization Study, a cohort study (<em>N</em> = 800; age = 11 years) from public and private schools. Descriptive statistics provide a perspective on normative Brazilian parenting practices and preadolescents’ perceptions of parental legitimacy across multiple domains. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that procedural justice, global legitimacy, issue-specific legitimacy, and disciplinary techniques all significantly predicted compliance across issues and between preadolescents. Parents who used constructive disciplinary practices paired with procedural justice practices were more likely to be perceived as legitimate authorities and to have their preadolescent children comply with their rules. Our findings broaden the literature on constructive parenting practices in preadolescence, and allow for greater generalizability of current Western research to a diverse metropolitan setting in Brazil.

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Este artigo visa apresentar a socialização legal como um campo de investigação que busca compreender a maneira pela qual as crianças e os adolescentes desenvolvem suas noções sobre autoridades, regras e leis. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura dividida em dois segmentos centrais: um balanço teórico das chamadas abordagens tradicionais e uma síntese dos estudos recentes sobre a temática da socialização legal. Além disso, o artigo sinaliza alguns desafios de pesquisa que podem contribuir para o entendimento desse processo no contexto brasileiro.

Esse artigo investiga as influências de vitimizações dentro e fora da escola para a legitimidade dos professores e para o comportamento de quebra de regras dos adolescentes. Em diálogo com a literatura sobre socialização legal, o estudo utiliza dados de um survey realizado com adolescentes da cidade de São Paulo. Observou-se que estudantes autodeclarados pretos, meninos e estudantes de escola pública são mais sujeitos à vitimização no bairro e na escola. Adolescentes vítimas de violência na escola são menos dispostos a legitimar os professores. Observou-se também que os estudantes mais vitimados têm maiores chances de se engajar em comportamentos de quebra de regras. Conclui-se que a criação de um ambiente escolar livre de violências pode reduzir o impacto da violência no bairro sobre as relações com os professores e os comportamentos de quebra de regras dos adolescentes.

We examine the role that exposure to neighborhood and police violence plays in the legal socialization of adolescents aged 11 to 14 years living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In a context of idiosyncratic and violent policing, where the state's ability to control crime is low, we assess the extent to which being exposed to neighborhood crime and violence (e.g., listening to gunshots and witnessing or hearing about citizens carrying guns, being robbed, or selling drugs), aggressive police behavior with violent undertones (e.g., certain forcible types of police stops and arrests), and/or outright violent police behavior (officers assaulting a member of the public) is associated with the development of adolescents’ judgements about the legitimacy of the law. Analyzing data from a cohort-based, four-wave longitudinal survey of 2005-born young people living in São Paulo from 2016 to 2019, we use growth curve models to estimate developmental trajectories of legitimacy beliefs. Results suggest that individual exposure to police violence is associated with the process of legal socialization and that, above and beyond this individual effect, adolescents attending schools where other students are exposed to neighborhood violence tend to develop more negative views about the legitimacy of legal authority over time.

Las investigaciones han destacado la importancia de la confianza entre ciudadanos y autoridades para el reconocimiento de las leyes y el mantenimiento del orden democrático. Así que el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar los elementos que contribuyen a generar confianza en la policía. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 743 adolescentes de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, y se realizó un análisis de regresión ordinal multinivel. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes de escuelas públicas y los que tienen un mayor número de experiencias indirectas con la policía confían menos en ella; en cambio, cuando creen en un trato justo y respetuoso, tienden a confiar más. Por lo tanto, adoptar una estrategia consensuada para trabajar con adolescentes puede ser una forma de construir lazos de confianza con la institución policial.