RESUMO Com o propósito de fortalecer a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) foi criado em 2013, estruturado em três eixos estratégicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica no PMM, identificando a relevância dos estudos e seus efeitos para a política e elaborando uma síntese dos principais temas. A busca foi realizada no Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e na Plataforma de Conhecimento do PMM, sendo identificados 409 documentos. Após critérios de exclusão, selecionaram-se 47 artigos científicos. Os resultados mostraram que 55% dos estudos debruçaram-se sobre o eixo 'provisão emergencial de médicos', 32% apresentavam apreciações gerais da política, 4% trataram do provimento/infraestrutura e apenas 9% trataram da formação. Dos artigos selecionados, 22 foram considerados de alta e média relevância. Ademais, 32 publicações identificaram efeitos do PMM (29 identificaram efeitos positivos; e, em apenas 3, efeitos positivos e negativos foram equivalentes). Na análise temática, apareceram como destaque: equidade, eficácia, treinamento profissional, implementação do PMM, práticas e processos de trabalho, abordagem midiática e análise política do PMM. De natureza extensiva, as análises apontaram pistas sobre a direcionalidade do Programa, suas fragilidades e necessidades que se impõem para uma agenda de pesquisa para os próximos anos.
IntroductionSince 2020, the world has been going through a viral pandemic with a high morbidity and mortality rate along with the potential to evolve from an acute infection to post-acute and long-COVID, which is still in the process of elucidation. Diagnostic and prognostic research is essential to understand the complexity of factors and contexts involving the illness’s process. This protocol introduces a study strategy to analyse predictors, sequelae, and repercussions of COVID-19 in adults and older adults with different disease severities in the State of Paraná, Brazil.Methods and analysisA mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. The quantitative data will be conducted by an ambispective cohort study, which will explore the manifestations of COVID-19 for 18 months, with nearly 3000 participants with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 (reverse transcription-PCR test) between March and December of 2020, retrieved from national disease reporting databases, over 18 years old, living in a Brazilian State (Paraná) and who survived the viral infection after being discharged from a health service. Data collection will be conducted through telephone interviews, at two different occasions: the first will be a recall 12 months after the acute phase as a retrospective follow-up, and the second will be another prospective interview, with data of the following 6 months. For the qualitative step, Grounded Theory will be used; participants will be selected from the cohort population. The first sample group will be composed of people who were discharged from the intensive care unit, and other sample groups will be composed according to theoretical saturation. The qualitative data will follow the temporal design and classification of the disease provided for in the cohort.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the State University of Maringá, under opinion number: 4 165 272 and CAAE: 34787020.0.0000.0104 on 21 July 2020, and Hospital do Trabalhador (Worker’s Hospital), which is accountable for the Health Department of the State of Paraná, under opinion number: 4 214 589 and CAAE: 34787020.0.3001.5225 on 15 August 2020. The participants will verbally consent to the research, their consent will be recorded, and the informed consent form will be sent by mail or email. Outcomes will be widely disseminated through peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, media and reports to related authorities.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dairy by-products (ricotta, butter, and cheese wheys) on ice cream production and their impact on quality parameters. Chocolate ice creams were developed differing their main ingredients (100% ricotta or butter or cheese wheys or whole milk) and were evaluated by nutritional composition, pH and titratable acidity, water activity, melting and desorption behavior, instrumental color and texture, microbiological and sensory analyses. The results showed that different by-products application in ice cream significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the fat content (40% on average), presented lower (p < 0.05) pH difference, and no variation (p > 0.05) for water activity. Instrumental texture and color of the ice creams with ricotta, cheese, and butter wheys presented slight alteration (p < 0.05), indicating greater hardness and color intensity, which was not observed and did not affect the sensory tests. Even the greatest melting resistance in the melting point (0.73 g min-1) (p < 0.05) showed no signs of desorption (p > 0.05). In the acceptance test, the samples developed with ricotta, butter, cheese, and whole milk obtained good values of overall liking (averages 6.76, 6.07, 6.95, and 7.15, respectively), and most of the consumers (equal to or greater than 53.75%) said they would buy the products. In general, although these dairy by-products reduced nutritional values, their application in ice creams showed a potential alternative to the dairy industry.
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