The interaction between the plasma protein bovine serum
albumin
(BSA) and the drug ibuprofen (IBU) has been investigated at three
different pH values (7.4, 6.5, and 8.0) in the presence of oligosaccharides
and surfactants. The interaction analysis of BSA with oligosaccharides
and surfactants has also been studied in the absence of the drug ibuprofen.
The results obtained give convenient and efficient access to understand
the mechanism of binding of ibuprofen to BSA, and the major forces
involved are found to be hydrophobic forces, hydrogen bonding and
ionic interactions. In addition to that, the formation of inclusion
complexes of ibuprofen with oligosaccharides (β-CD and 2-HP-β-CD)
has been observed, which has depicted that due to the hydrophobic
nature of ibuprofen, it becomes more soluble in the presence of oligosaccharides,
but due to the larger size of the inclusion complexes, these could
not be able to access the hydrophobic pocket of BSA where tryptophan-212
(Trp-212) resides. The binding interaction between BSA and ibuprofen
is observed in the presence of surfactants (SDS and CTAB), which partially
unfold the protein. Non-radiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer
(FRET) from Trp and Tyr residues of BSA in the presence of an anionic
surfactant SDS to ibuprofen has depicted that there is a possibility
of drug binding even in the partially unfolded state of BSA protein.
Furthermore, the distance between the protein and the drug has been
calculated from the FRET efficiency, which gives a comprehensive overview
of ibuprofen binding to BSA even in its partially denatured state.
The hydrophobic drug binding to the partially unfolded serum albumin
protein (BSA) supports the “necklace and bead structures”
model and opens up a new direction of drug loading and delivery system,
which will have critical therapeutic applications in the efficient
delivery of pharmacologically prominent drugs.
ANOVA examines the means of various groups and identifies any statistically significant differences in the means. It can be viewed as an extended multi-group application of the t-test for two independent samples. Analysis of the variances is used to assess whether there are any significant differences in class means. This method is quite helpful in providing crucial information, especially when analyzing experimental results and figuring out how certain elements affect other processing parameters (Eva, Oskar[10]). ANOVA is now widely used in theoretical study as well as in practical activity in practically all sectors, together with other statistical approaches. By utilizing ANOVA we have tried in this study to know the culinary experiences of 96 customers had in Bhubaneswar's WOW MOMO restaurants. We wanted to see if customers preferred any of the four popular non-vegetarian dishes more or less than the others. We also would like to test whether that the location in which the type of non-veg dish is being offered may have an impact on the taste of different dishes. After using complete randomized design and randomized block design of ANOVA, the outcome demonstrated that there are significant variations in the mean ratings given to the four different types of dishes and that the location in which these non-vegetarian dishes are served affects the ratings given by the diners.
Most advertisers utilize celebrity endorsement as a marketing strategy in their advertising. Many firms are only well-known for their use of celebrities in their advertising. The spectator was forced to really consider our societal challenges via social marketing. Through a forceful advisory message, social advertising's main goal is to inform the general public. Nowadays, celebrity endorsement is frequently used to raise public awareness of the social problems that our society is currently facing. In our nation, some outstanding individuals ran social awareness programmes, and the most of them were successful. In this essay, some significant social awareness initiatives that included some of India's most popular superstars are discussed. They were successful in raising awareness of societal issues, but they also inspired others to take action and stand out in the effort to address the problems. Numerous more examples of celebrity endorsements that contributed to the effective delivery of social awareness messages are also covered in this study.
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