Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) involves several adverse consequences. Studies have shown that ABO blood groups have some association with various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Few blood groups even can act as a receptor and ligand for infectious agents. The objective of the study was to find out any significant association of TTIs with various ABO and Rh D blood group system.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2018. Blood donors’ blood was tested for ABO and Rh D grouping and five mandatory TTI markers as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Chi-square test was performed to look for any association of TTIs with ABO and Rh D blood group.Results: 10,510 healthy donors were screened for TTI and 199 (1.89%) were positive for various TTIs. Hepatitis B had maximum prevalence (102 cases, 0.97%) followed by Hepatitis C (44 cases, 0.41%) and HIV (37 cases, 0.35%). Maximum TTI seroreactive donors were found among ‘B’ blood group (2.21%, 77 cases) followed group ‘A’ donors (2.16%, 53 cases), ‘O’ donors (1.57%, 60 cases) and ‘AB’ donors (1.17%, 9 cases), respectively. However, the risk of association of TTI was not statistically significant with ABO and Rh D blood group.Conclusions: Although no significant association was observed between ABO and Rh D blood groups with TTIs, Hepatitis B was found to be most common infection in blood donors. This high prevalence points towards critical need of comprehensive public health approach to achieve elimination of TTI.

Background: Blood grouping consists of both forward grouping; reverse grouping and both procedures should agree with each other.A blood group discrepancy exists when results of red cell testing do not agree with serum testing, usually due to unexpected negative or positive results in either forward or reverse typing. ABO and Rh blood group discrepancy is associated with incompatible transfusion reaction.Blood group discrepancy should be resolved before transfusion and blood group to be properly labeled to prevent transfusion reaction.Methods: A prospective study was carried in SCB blood bank which is under the Department of Transfusion Medicine, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha from January 2015 to October-2016. Total 25,559 blood samples of patients were included in the study and hemolysed samples excluded. The ABO and Rh D typing was done by tube technique using monoclonal IgM (Tulip Diagnostic P Ltd.) Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-D and pooled A, B and O cell.Results: A total of 25,559 blood group testing were done where we found 57 blood group discrepancies with overall frequency was 0.22%. Out of 57 discrepancies we were found 20 (35.09%) cases of technical error and 37 (64.91%) cases of sample related error. Among these sample related problems, we found weak/missing antibody, weak antigen expression, rouleaux, cold autoantibodies, cold alloantibodies, Bombay phenotype with the frequency of 13.51%, 2.70%, 2.70%, 54.06%, 8.11%, 18.92% respectively.Conclusions: Mistyping either a donor or a recipient can lead to transfusion with ABO-incompatible blood, which can result in severe hemolysis and may even result in the death of the recipient. Any discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping methods should be resolved before transfusion of blood components.

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Coccidioidal osteomyelitis is difficult to diagnose. Confirmation depends on culture and histopathological examination. This rare type of fungal osteomyelitis is to be considered in the differential diagnosis of a chronic infection in some areas of the world. Specific treatment with excision and amphotericin-B can be effective.