The media play an important role in the dissemination of information on the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, it is important to measure whether the population is receiving information that calms it down, as well as whether such news are in accordance with the magnitude of the issue. Objective: To validate a questionnaire that measures the perception of the media and their informative role in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A validation process for a questionnaire that measures the perception of the magnitude of this issue and whether it generates fear was carried out. The validation was performed by means of a literature search. Moreover, a first version of the scale was developed, which was assessed by 30 experts (physicians, epidemiologists, among others). After this, an exploratory factor analysis and descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Our scale had 13 initial items; however, one of them was eliminated because of its unsatisfactory level of statistical adequacy. Exploratory factorial analysis and parallel analysis suggested three factors. Results of the KMO coefficient (0.833) and the Bartlett's test of sphericity (4998.5; gl = 66; p<0.001) were acceptable and significant, which justify the exploratory factorial analysis. The correlation between the factors was >0.4 and robust analyses revealed a satisfactory factorial structure (X2=88.0; p= 0.001; IFC=0.968; GFI=0.992; TLI=0.937; RMSEA=0.123). In the descriptive statistics of the 12 final items, moderate and significant correlations between the items were reported (> 0.5). Conclusion: We generate a scale to validate the perception of how people receive information from the media. Thus, this scale can be used to measure the informative role of the media regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and may even serve for other similar public health emergencies.
Since the announcement of the start of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines development, many myths and vaccine opponents have come to the fore. Therefore, in this scenario, it is imperative to have an instrument to assess the population perception of this subject matter.Objective: To validate a scale to measure the perception of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines acceptance.Methods: This is an instrumental and multicentre study, through which a list of possible reasons for whether or not people would be vaccinated was generated. After submitting them to 15 experts, a pilot survey was conducted virtually in a population of almost 3000 participants in the 24 regions of Peru. Descriptive statistics and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted using the FACTOR program. Results:The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient (KMO = 0.917) and the Bartlett's test of sphericity (3343.3; gl = 136; p < 0.001) were conducted. According to EFA results, two factors were found to explain 58.17% of the total variance. The fit indices show that the proposed model is adequate (χ 2 = 826.321; df = 43; p = 0.001; RMR = 0.054; GFI = 0.952; AGFI = 0.927; CFI = 0.946; TLI = 0.931; and RMSEA = 0.078). Finally, Cronbach's α was found to be very satisfactory for the generated scale (α = 0.831; 95% CI = 0.82 -0.84). Conclusion:A simple and efficient scale was validated to assess positive and negative perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (the VAC-COVID-19 scale), with a Cronbach's coefficient of 0.831.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has made the daily life difficult for thousands of people around the world. The measurements taken by many governments have reduced personal liberties and obligated many to change their habits and lifestyles. Objective: To validate a scale that measures the perception of habits shifting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was an instrumental, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a pilot sample of 417 respondents. A form validation was carried out with the participation of 10 experts who evaluated the scale. Their assessments were used to calculate Aiken coefficient. The explorative factor analysis was carried out using KMO and Bartlett test. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to get internal consistency. Results: The KMO measure was 0.92 and the Bartlett test was significative. With these results, factor determination was performed resulting in a 1-factor model which contains 71.45% of the total variance and with factorial charges between 0.46-0.88. Then, Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.89, assuring good reliability to the scale. Conclusion: The COVID-19-HAB scale is a validated scale and it could be applied to measure the habits acquired by the general population during health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: Validation study; Habits; Pandemics; COVID-19.
1. En el contexto de la llegada de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 al Perú, es importante conocer que rubros son los más dispuestos a realizarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores socio-laborales asociados a la posibilidad de vacunación contra la COVID-19 si el trabajo se los exige. Estudio transversal analítico, que tuvo como pregunta principal si es que se vacunarían si es que es requisito para el trabajo, esto se comparó según el rubro laboral, el sexo y el grupo etario; se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y analítica. De los 6628 trabajadores encuestados, el 34% y 35% se vacunarían si es que el trabajo se los pide según el que aún no se enfermaran o que ya lo hubiesen hecho, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado, hubo mayor frecuencia de estar de acuerdo con el vacunarse entre los que están en el sector de minería (RPa: 1,33; IC95%: 1,05-1,69; valor p=0,019), los que hacen labores domésticas (RPa: 1,14; IC95%: 1,01-1,29; valor p=0,036) y los hombres (RPa: 1,07; IC95%. 1,01-1,14; valor p=0,029); en cambio, a comparación de los más jóvenes, los del rango etario de 40-49 años (RPa: 0,82; IC95%: 0,71-0,95; valor p=0,010) los que pensaban en vacunarse menor frecuencia. Hubo una baja percepción a la posibilidad de vacunarse si es que el trabajo se los pide, siendo los principales factores asociados a la posibilidad de vacunarse el no haberse contagiado previamente de COVID-19, pertenecer al sector minería, realizar labores domésticas y ser hombre.
Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años de edad. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 127 estudiantes. 50,4% (64) fueron mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 15.67 ±0,65. El 24% (30) de los alumnos habían iniciado relaciones sexuales. Los varones tuvieron más probabilidad de inicio de relaciones sexuales que las mujeres (OR= 4,67 IC95% [1,95]; p = 0,001) y de acceso a los servicios de salud (OR= 2,51 IC95% [1,065 -5,92]; p=0,032). Las mujeres tuvieron mayor probabilidad de recibir educación sexual de sus padres (OR = 2,2 IC95% [1,65]; p= 0,035). Conclusiones: El inicio de relaciones sexuales en los alumnos estuvo dentro de lo reportado en la literatura nacional, los varones tuvieron más probabilidad de inicio de relaciones sexuales y las mujeres mayor probabilidad de recibir educación sexual de sus padres.
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