Due to its clear inherited backgrounds as well as simple and diverse genetic manipulation systems,
Bacillus subtilis
is the key Gram-positive model bacterium for studies on physiology and metabolism. Furthermore, due to its highly efficient protein secretion system and adaptable metabolism, it has been widely used as a cell factory for microbial production of chemicals, enzymes, and antimicrobial materials for industry, agriculture, and medicine. In this mini-review, we first summarize the basic genetic manipulation tools and expression systems for this bacterium, including traditional methods and novel engineering systems. Secondly, we briefly introduce its applications in the production of chemicals and enzymes, and summarize its advantages, mainly focusing on some noteworthy products and recent progress in the engineering of
B. subtilis
. Finally, this review also covers applications such as microbial additives and antimicrobials, as well as biofilm systems and spore formation. We hope to provide an overview for novice researchers in this area, offering them a better understanding of
B. subtilis
and its applications.
It is of great significance to find a scientific way to assess the water quality of the middle route of the South-North Water Diversion Project. In this paper, the spatio-temporal changes of the 26 water quality indicators in eight key monitoring stations along the middle route since the project was put into use were analyzed, and the modified Nemerow index method was employed to assess the water quality of the route in its early stage of operation. The results show that the water quality remained good in the period of study. Important water quality indicators were identified, including temperature, permanganate index, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, mercury content, and density of planktonic algae. It is advised that potential ecological risks related to algae and shellfish reproduction in the open canal deserve special attention.
We propose a predictive handoff mechanism which can predict the occurrence of link layer handoff precisely. It can be used as a trigger for Mobile IP to start network layer handoff ahead or pre-allocate resources. Using this approach, link layer of MN(Mobile Node) detects signal strength changes of base stations to calculate the probability of coming handoff and triggers network layer handoff based on mobility model and RFM(Recursive Forgetting Memory linear square). In this paper we illustrate the mechanism of this approach in detail and provide experiments to evaluate the performance. The results show that this approach can provide an exact trigger with low rates of false alarm and missed detection. It can significantly shorten handoff latency and reduce packet loss in Mobile IP.
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