The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes began in 1981 with data collected on 7223 pregnant woman-child pairs (6753 mothers, of whom 520 had 2 study children, less 50 who had multiple births). These women, and their children, were initially followed for up to 21 years. Since then there have been additional follow-ups of the mothers (27 years) and their children (30 years). There has also been a substantial increase in the breadth of topics addressed, with the collection of biological samples, the administration of structured clinical assessments of mental health and cognitive capacity, and markers of physical health such as lung function and blood pressure. MUSP was originally developed as a birth cohort study. It has become a longitudinal study of growth, development and ageing with an emphasis on the generational transmission of a wide range of factors impacting on adult health outcomes. We welcome interest in our study; for study background and publications visit [www.socialscience.uq.edu.au/musp] or contact [j.najman@uq.edu.au].

We report measurements of the structural, optical, transport, and magnetic properties of single crystals of the anisotropic p-type transparent semiconductor CuAlO 2. The indirect and direct band gaps are 2.97 and 3.47 eV, respectively. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements yield a positive Hall coefficient in the measured range and an activated carrier temperature dependence. The resistivity is anisotropic, with the ab-plane resistivity about 25 times smaller than the c-axis resistivity at room temperature. Both are activated with similar activation energies. The room-temperature ab-plane mobility is relatively large at 3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and we infer a c-axis mobility of 0.12 cm 2 V −1 s −1. The Seebeck coefficient is positive at all measured temperatures, and has a T −1 dependence over most of the measured range. The low-temperature paramagnetic moment is consistent with a spin-1/2 defect with a density of 3.4ϫ 10 20 cm −3. These results suggest that the conduction mechanism for p-type carriers in CuAlO 2 is charge transport in the valence band and that the holes are thermally activated from copper-vacancy acceptor states located about 700 meV above the valence-band maximum.

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Collagen gels are widely used in experiments on cell mechanics because they mimic the extracellular matrix in physiological conditions. Collagen gels are often characterized by their bulk rheology; however, variations in the collagen fiber microstructure and cell adhesion forces cause the mechanical properties to be inhomogeneous at the cellular scale. We study the mechanics of type I collagen on the scale of tens to hundreds of microns by using holographic optical tweezers to apply pN forces to microparticles embedded in the collagen fiber network. We find that in response to optical forces, particle displacements are inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and asymmetric. Gels prepared at 21°C and 37°C show qualitative difference in their micromechanical characteristics. We also demonstrate that contracting cells remodel the micromechanics of their surrounding extracellular matrix in a strainand distance-dependent manner. To further understand the micromechanics of cellularized extracellular matrix, we have constructed a computational model which reproduces the main experiment findings.micromechanics | collagen | fiber network T he mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a central role in developmental biology (1), tissue homeostasis, and remodeling (2). Alteration of the ECM elasticity is a signature of many diseases such as pulmonary and atrial fibrosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and infantile cortical hyperostosis (3). The mechanical cues from the ECM also strongly correlate with the clinical prognosis of various types of cancers (4).In recent years, many studies have shown that to mimic the physiological conditions in vitro, mechanical cues from a truly 3D ECM are necessary (5). Type I collagen gel has gained popularity as arguably the most used in vitro model of a 3D ECM (2). As the most abundant protein in animal tissue and accounting for 25% of the human whole-body protein content (6), type I collagen is the major component of the ECM in skin, tendon, and organs. Despite its lack of biochemical complexity compared with live tissue, reconstituted type I collagen gel has been successfully used to provide mechanistic insights into processes such as morphogenesis (7), wound repair (8), and cell migration (9). In particular, the rheology and especially the rigidity of collagen gel have been shown to tune the growth and migratory phenotypes of cancer cells in vitro (10, 11).Structurally, collagen gels are formed by fibrous networks and typically have pore sizes of a few to tens of microns (12)(13)(14). The typical size of these structural discontinuities is comparable to the size of cells and is much larger than cell-ECM adhesion complexes (15,16). It is therefore expected that a cell senses the micromechanical properties of its surrounding matrix, rather than the macroscopic rheology of the ECM (16,17). Although many studies have focused on the (nonlinear) bulk rheology of empty and cellularized collagen ECM (18-22), the micromechanics of the porous biopolymer network is largely unexplored, presumably...

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Rocks of Juniper Mountain volcanic center-Continued Purpose of investigation 2 Lower lobes of Juniper Mountain Problem of recognizing high-temperature, flow-Upper lobes of Juniper Mountain layered welded tuffs . . . . . . 2 Tuff of The Badlands Significance of basal flow breccia 5 Jump Creek Rhyolite. Aclmowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Tuff of Wilson Creek . . Topographic and geologic setting . . . . . 6 Tuff of Browns Creek . . Silicic volcanism and the Snake River Plain 8 Tuff of Browns Creek at Reynolds Creek . . . . Stratigraphy and petrography of principal rhyolites 12 Little Jacks Tuff .