An axial transmissive Raman spectrograph is described. The instrument employs volume-phase holograms as the laser line rejection filter and transmission grating. The on-axis configuration and the use of a high-spatial-frequency transmission grating allows nearly diffraction-limited imaging and pixel-limited resolution at f/1.8. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated for fiber-optic probe and microprobe Raman spectroscopy.
We describe an iterative image restoration technique which functions as digital confocal microscopy for Raman images. We deconvolute the lateral and axial components of the microscope point spread function from a series of optical sections, to generate a stack of well-resolved Raman images which describe the three-dimensional topology of a sample. The technique provides an alternative to confocal microscopy for three-dimensional microscopic Raman imaging.
We describe the use of Hadamard transform Raman microscopy to acquire optically sectioned images of crystals of benzoic acid. Nearest-neighbor deblurring is used to reject out-of-focus information and sharpen the Raman images obtained from the crystal.
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