The potential negative impact of sexual abuse prevention programs on children remains a central concern in the field of sexual abuse prevention. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of two prevention programs in improving children's abilities to discriminate between appropriate and inappropriate types of touching. Two hundred sixty-four kindergarten through third-grade children from three public schools in San Diego were randomly assigned by classroom to one of three treatments: (1) a role-play-based sexual abuse prevention program, (2) a multimedia child abuse prevention program, or (3) a control group receiving fire prevention training. The results indicated greater pre- to posttest improvement for the role-play group than for the control group on total correct touch discriminations. Although there is concern that sexual abuse prevention programs may make children suspicious of appropriate touch, the present study found children in the role-play group better able to discriminate appropriate touch after training than before. The results are discussed in light of current findings in the child sexual abuse prevention literature.

No abstract

The best current estimate of the mortality rate for short falls affecting infants and young children is <0.48 deaths per 1 million young children per year. Additional research is suggested.

A family is described in which the mother has an 18p-chromosome, one normal 18, and a probable i(18p). One of the daughters of this woman inherited the 18p-chromosome, and her phenotype resembles that of other 18p-cases. The other daughter inherited the presumed i(18p) chromosome, and her phenotype resembles that of some cases with extra, small metacentric chromosomes. The clinical, chromosomal, and familial evidence suggest that these abnormal chromosomes originated in the occurrence of one transverse break of the centromere and subsequent misdivision of a chromosome 18 in an earlier generation of this family. According to this interpretation, the mother is trisomic for 18p, one daughter is monosomic and the other daughter tetrasomic for this chromosomal region.

No abstract

This study assessed the efficacy and acceptability of two rapid point-of-care HIV assays used in a voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and a tuberculosis (TB) clinic in Kumasi, Ghana. Over a 4-week period in 2007, 95 individuals attending the VCT clinic and 35 patients with newly diagnosed TB were offered a rapid HIV test. Rates of return for positive results and attendance at the HIV clinic were compared with 471 individuals (395 attending the VCT clinic and 76 patients with TB), tested during an 8-week period 6 months earlier using standard testing procedures. All patients offered a rapid test in each clinic underwent testing, compared to 93% of VCT clients and 40% of TB patients offered a test 6 months earlier. In the rapid testing period, 37%, 60%, and 3% of the VCT clients and 26%, 74% and 0% of the TB patients had positive, negative, or indeterminate serology, respectively. There were no discordant results following retesting of patients with a positive test. All patients attending either the VCT or TB clinics who tested positive for HIV with the point-of-care test returned to the HIV clinic for care, while only 64% and 95%, respectively, of the patients previously testing positive had returned for follow-up. Both clients and staff showed high levels of satisfaction with the rapid testing procedure. In conclusion, rapid point-of-care testing in both of these settings was successful in improving diagnosis of HIV infection and engaging those testing positive in a clinical care program.

No abstract

No abstract