Annual Risk of Death Resulting From Short Falls Among Young Children: Less Than 1 in 1 Million

Chadwick, David L.; Bertocci, Gina; Castillo, Edward M.; Frasier, Lori D.; Guenther, Elisabeth; Hansen, Karen; Herman, Bruce; Krous, Henry F.

doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2281

Cited by 114 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…52 It has been estimated that the population-based risk of a short fall death for an infant or young child is ,1 per 1 million young children per year. 53 The identification of physical abuse can be difficult. Other than the perpetrator and the child, witnesses to the abuse are uncommon; perpetrators of the abuse infrequently admit to their actions; child victims are often preverbal and may be too severely injured or too frightened to disclose their abuse; and injuries can be nonspecific.…”

Section: Missed Opportunities For Diagnosing Physical Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…149 Although most household trauma results in minor or no injury, on rare occasion, severe or fatal head injury has been reported. 53 In addition to searching for occult trauma in patients who present with such a history, or in infants and young children who present with unexplained intracranial hemorrhage and/or hypoxic ischemic cerebral injury, consideration of alternate explanations is often required. Investigation by child welfare or law enforcement can also help to distinguish accidental from abusive head injury, and reporting to CPS for investigation in all suspicious cases is advised.…”

Section: Head Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse

Christian¹

2015

Pediatrics

450

301

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Child physical abuse is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality and is associated with major physical and mental health problems that can extend into adulthood. Pediatricians are in a unique position to identify and prevent child abuse, and this clinical report provides guidance to the practitioner regarding indicators and evaluation of suspected physical abuse of children. The role of the physician may include identifying abused children with suspicious injuries who present for care, reporting suspected abuse to the child protection agency for investigation, supporting families who are affected by child abuse, coordinating with other professionals and community agencies to provide immediate and long-term treatment to victimized children, providing court testimony when necessary, providing preventive care and anticipatory guidance in the office, and advocating for policies and programs that support families and protect vulnerable children.

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Section: Missed Opportunities For Diagnosing Physical Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Head Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse

Christian¹

2015

Pediatrics

450

301

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“…Another study found that the population-based risk of dying after a short distance fall for young children is less than 1 per million per young children per year (47). Many studies have demonstrated a statistically significant worse outcome (for both physical and cognitive functioning) for abusive head trauma patients than for accidental trauma patients (13).…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Cause of Traumatic Death in Children < 1 Year: A Review on Abusive Head Trauma

et al. 2016

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Context: Pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) can be defined as an injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a child under the age of 5 due to inflicted blunt impact or violent shaking. Evidence Acquisition: AHT is the most common cause of traumatic death in children younger than 1 year, and it is the leading cause of death due to child abuse. Clinical presentation observed in children with AHT depends on the type of AHT and accompanying injuries. History and physical examination are important for diagnosing AHT and for distinguishing it from other conditions that can mimic shaken baby syndrome, such as accidental trauma, cancer, metabolic diseases, and others. Results: Progress in research on the medical diagnosis of AHT has been remarkable, while the development of treatment strategies has been limited. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies for AHT able to improve the outcomes. Conclusions:The construction of a nationwide database that supports clinical studies is required in the future.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Additionally, a medical history of symptoms suggestive of a bleeding disorder, such as significant bleeding after a circumcision or other surgery, epistaxis, bleeding from the umbilical stump, or excessive bleeding after dental procedures, increases the possibility of a bleeding disorder. Family history of a specific bleeding disorder or ethnicity of a population with higher rates of a certain bleeding disorder (eg, Amish) might necessitate testing for that condition.…”

Section: Assessing the Need For A Laboratory Evaluation For Bleeding mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children can suffer ICH, such as a small subdural or an epidural hematoma underlying a site of impact, from a short fall; however, short falls rarely result in significant brain injury. 16 Birth trauma and some medical conditions can also result in ICH in infants. Consultation with a child abuse pediatrician should be considered in complex or concerning cases.…”

Section: Ichmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse

Anderst¹,

Carpenter²,

Abshire³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

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Bruising or bleeding in a child can raise the concern for child abuse. Assessing whether the findings are the result of trauma and/or whether the child has a bleeding disorder is critical. Many bleeding disorders are rare, and not every child with bruising/bleeding concerning for abuse requires an evaluation for bleeding disorders. In some instances, however, bleeding disorders can present in a manner similar to child abuse. The history and clinical evaluation can be used to determine the necessity of an evaluation for a possible bleeding disorder, and prevalence and known clinical presentations of individual bleeding disorders can be used to guide the extent of the laboratory testing. This clinical report provides guidance to pediatricians and other clinicians regarding the evaluation for bleeding disorders when child abuse is suspected.

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Annual Risk of Death Resulting From Short Falls Among Young Children: Less Than 1 in 1 Million

Abstract: The best current estimate of the mortality rate for short falls affecting infants and young children is <0.48 deaths per 1 million young children per year. Additional research is suggested.

Cited by 114 publications

References 157 publications

The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse

The Evaluation of Suspected Child Physical Abuse

The First Cause of Traumatic Death in Children < 1 Year: A Review on Abusive Head Trauma

Evaluation for Bleeding Disorders in Suspected Child Abuse

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