This paper reviews the core findings from recently published place-based crime prevention research. It critically evaluates the available evidence on the contribution of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) as a crime prevention strategy. CPTED is both an increasingly fashionable approach and is being implemented on a global scale (Cisneros, 1995). Additionally, individual components such as territoriality, surveillance, maintenance, access control, activity support and target-hardening are being widely deployed. However, the evidence currently available is inconclusive and much criticised, which effectively prevents widespread intervention and investment in such an approach by central government. The authors detail the difficulties associated with demonstrating the effectiveness of CPTED and conclude that although empirical proof has not been definitively demonstrated, there is a large and growing body of research, which supports the assertion that CPTED is a pragmatic and effective crime prevention tool. This review provides an extensive bibliography of contemporary CPTED and a follow-up paper will discuss the future research priorities for CPTED.

O objetivo deste estudo é propor um protocolo de práticas e instrumentos de RSC para desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias socialmente responsáveis para o segmento de meios de hospedagem na região da Grande Florianópolis a partir da contraposição entre os padrões e normas de turismo sustentável e as boas práticas de RSC definidas no Framework de RSC. Destarte, contextualizou-se a relevância da RSC para o segmento ora estudado. A seguir, apresentam-se os pilares constitutivos da RSC e discute-se seu processo de implementação estratégica na esfera organizacional. Complementarmente, aborda-se o papel da RSC diante dos desafios da gestão sustentável do segmento estudado. Trata-se, portanto, de um trabalho essencialmente teórico, que procura responder: "quais são as atividades de RSC que podem ser caracterizadas como "melhores práticas" e os instrumentos de RSC para introdução, em termos estratégicos, na estrutura organizacional do segmento de meios de hospedagem?". Para tanto, foram identificadas duas certificações relacionadas ao turismo sustentável, o Green Globe e a NIH-54:2004. Em seguida, realizou-se uma análise equiparativa, tendo como sustentação principal o Framework de RSC. Resultante dessa análise emerge o protocolo de práticas e instrumentos para desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias socialmente responsáveis para o segmento estudado. Destaca-se que a pesquisa contribuiu na ampliação do Framework de RSC, de 30 para 48 statements concernentes às práticas, bem como de 26 para 35 statements relativos às fases gerais de implementação de RSC, totalizando, respectivamente, um acréscimo de 18 e 9 statements ao modelo.

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We investigate the process through which country-level corporate governance facilitates firm-level investment in research and development (R&D). Taking cash flow as one of the main determinants of R&D, we derive an econometric model that introduces a number of corporate governance factors (legal protection, financial system, and control mechanisms) to analyze their impact on R&D-cash flow sensitivity. Using data from nine European Union countries, Japan, and the United States, we show that R&D at the firm level is less sensitive to internal cash flow in countries with effective investor protection, developed financial systems, and strong corporate control mechanisms. Specifically, our analysis suggests that the characteristics of the corporate governance system that facilitate R&D are a common law legal environment, minority shareholder protection, strong law enforcement, a bank-based financial system, effective board control, and a strong market for corporate control. This evidence points to corporate governance as a key element in R&D investment, and contributes to the debate on whether country-level corporate governance systems can facilitate R&D projects and, indirectly, promote economic growth

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Consumers within the UK have access to a wide variety of international foodstuffs and cuisines but there is also a growing interest in local food. This case study explores what is meant by local food, outlines some of the benefits claimed for, and the problems seen to be associated with, food that is produced and consumed locally and discusses some of the routes to market for local food.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is the generic name for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify individual items that carry such identification tags. Unlike barcodes, which need line of sight sensors, RFID tags do not. As the cost of this new technology falls, the take-up rate by the retail industry will be significant, revolutionizing retailers' control of the product supply chains and knowledge about the consumer. The paper argues that the opportunities and challenges for RFID tags for retailers are significant, and reports on a number of trials that have been conducted by retailers in the UK in the management and introduction of this technology. The paper also examines some of the issues facing retailers in terms of the widespread use of RFID tags and the privacy concerns that are linked to data capture and data usage by retailers and third parties.