Studies of the effect of elevated levels of serum calcium on gastric secretion in dogs 1 7 indicate that there is no significant stimulation of acid secretion and that some degree of inhibition may occur.' In order to investigate the possible role of the gastrin mechanism in the stimulation of gastric secretion by infusion of calcium, we have studied the effects of the intravenous administration of calcium on gastric acid secretion and on the serum concentration of gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients and in normal individuals. We further tested the effect of calcium infusion on

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In man, oral or intravenous administration of ethanol caused a small but definite increase in peripheral serum gastrin concentration (measured by radioimmunoassay). In dogs, perfusion of the antrum with 10% ethanol caused an immediate increase in gastrin levels in the antral venous outflow. Acidification of the perfusate did not totally block the gastrin release from the antrum. Intravenous infusion of ethanol in dogs caused release of gastrin from the antrum.IN 1898, CHrTlENDEN AND cowoRERs3 reported that ingestion of ethanol stimulated gastric acid secretion. The mechanisms responsible for this stimulation are not entirely clear, but several studies suggest that at least two paths are involved: first, local contact of alcohol with antral mucosa seems to release gastrin",7",7"'8 and second, after its absorption, alcohol acts directly on the parietal cells.40o1618 The mechanism by which blood alcohol directly stimulates the oxyntic glands is not known.We have studied the characteristics of the release of gastrin (measured by radioimmunoassay) in response to local application of ethanol to the antral mucosa in man and in dogs. In addition, we have studied the effect of intravenous ethanol on basal serum gastrin levels in man and on gastrin release from the antrum in dogs. A double lumen catheter was inserted into the antrum via a stab wound in the duodenum for antral perfusion (250 ml/hr). The pylorus was ligated around the catheter, and the antral vein was cannulated as described previously."1 The antrum was perfused sequentially with physiologic saline (pH 5.0) for 30 minutes, 10% ethanol (pH 5.0) for 60 minutes, 10% ethanol (pH 1.0) for 60 minutes, and finally 10% ethanol (pH 7.0) for 30 minutes. Blood samples for serum gastrin determination were obtained in the basal state and at intervals throughout the experiment. Materials and Methods Effect of Intravenous Ethanol on Basal SerumGastrin Concentration Studies in Man. Six healthy volunteers were fasted overnight. After two basal blood samples were obtained for serum gastrin determination, 7% ethanol in 0.9% NaCl was infused into a peripheral vein at the rate of 4 ml/ kg/hr for 60 minutes. Blood samples were collected at intervals for 120 minutes after the infusion was started.Studies in Dogs. Six adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized, operated upon, and the stomachs were prepared as described in the studies on the local release of gastrin 906

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